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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0
Literature Search WRAP 2A
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Soils with metals and organics was solidified with cement, lime, and
flyash.
The resul-ting rCLp tests sh,owed metal leach rates were lowered but
little or no retention effects were shown with the organics.
3. B. G. Place, "Treatment Technology for Transuranic Waste Streams--
Cementation, Vitrification, and Incineration Testing for the Treatment
of Spent Ion Exchange Media," WHC-EP-0462, Technical Report,
Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, WA, April 1992.
Physical pretreatment of ion exchange resin prior to cement
solidification enhances product characteristics and waste packing
efficiencies.
4._-_ C. G-.Howard, "Advanced-Cementatinn Concepts Final Report," AEEW-R2398,
Winfrith Technology Centre, Winfrith, United Kingdom, October 1989.
The addition of limestone flour or microsilica to cement solidifications
reduces the cesium leachability. Microsilica acts as a pore blocker,
and limestone flour acts as a cesium absorber.
5. G. W. Veazey, "The Cement Solidification Systems at LANL,"
LA-UR-90-4161, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
They used an "End Over End" mixer applying cement solidification to
basic sludges, and Envirostonem solidification to acidic wastes and
organic compounds.
6._ S. Hoyle and M. W. Grutzeck, "Effects of Phase Composition on the Cesium
Leachability of Cement-Based Waste Forms," Waste Management '86, Vol. 3,
Tucson, AZ, pp 491-496.
Cesium leachability performance is improved by increasing the silica or
alumina content of the binding cement matrix.
7. S. L. Unger and R. W. Telles, "Surface Encapsulation Process for
Managing Low-Level Radioactive Wastes," Waste Management '86, Vol. 1,
Tucson, AZ, pp. 555-558.
They applied surface encapsulation polymers namely polyethylene and poly
butadiene to seal the cement solidified waste material.
8. D. F. Fischer and T. R. Johnson, "Immobilization of IFR Salt Wastes in
Mortar," Spectrum '88, September 11-15, 1988, Pasco, WA, pp 102-104.
The addition of flyash to the cement enhanced chloride leachability
performance for calcium and potassium chloride salt wastes. Leach
indices were above 7 for the 10% salt mixtures.
9 L. Jaouen-and-B. ^igreux, "Cement Soiidification of Spent ion Exchange
Resins Produced by the Nuclear Industry," Spectrum '88,
September 11-15, 1988, Pasco, WA, pp 105-108. .:°
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