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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0
metals, soluble salts, and reactive metals. TheAphysical characteristics
range from semiliquid sludges and salt cake to dry powders, ash, soils, and
contaminated debris.
The wide variety of chemical and physical characteristics expected in
WRAP 2A feedstreams precludes the use of a single immobilization technology
for all waste types. The desire to minimize operating costs suggests the use
of cement-based binders whenever possible. However, several feedstreams are
known to be incompatible with cement-based materials, so a second technology
is required. The objective of this approach is to provide two immobilization
technologies that together can successfully treat all known and anticipated
WRAP 2A feedstreams.
The conceptual design of WRAP Module 2A thus includes two immobilization
process trains: a cement-based grouting train and a vinyl ester styrene
,-; polymer train. Both systems provide the capability to mix binder and waste
either-in the waste drum or use a vibratory mixing technique. Additionally,
the design of the grout system includes the flexibility to allow use of
multiple formulations of inorganic binders, ( i.e., portland cement, slag
cement, or gypsum cement). The available combination of technologies is
--; expected to be able to successfully treat all WRAP 2A feeds.
2.3 TEST SELECTION AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
The WRAP 2A waste forms are subject to rules and regulations promulgated
by several entities. Primary performance requirements are described in
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, Washington
Administrative Code, and DOE orders. Other applicable guidance comes from the
Hanford Site So1id Waste Acceptance Criteria (WHC 1991) and U.S. Nuclear
Aegul-atory^u^t,s^ic^t (NRC) re-yulations. Since there is no single regulation
or guidance document that contains all applicable performance requirements and
some discrepancies exist between similar requirements in different
regulations, the WRAP 2A WFQ program has developed project-specific waste form
performance specifications that ensure that waste forms that meet the
specifications will also be compliant with all applicable regulatory
requirements and guidance documents. The WRAP 2A waste form performance
soer;fications- are-summartzed in-?abl-s--2-I: The following sections describe
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2.3.1 Compressive Strength
T!}e-neaszrement of the compressive strength is the key method of
determining the stability and structural integrity of the waste form. The
need for adequate compressive strength is a result of the desire to control
subsidence in the disposal grounds, thus requiring the waste form to be able
to withstand the full pressure of the overburden after it is buried.
The most stringent compressive strength requirements are based on NRC
requirements in 10 CFR 61 (NRC 1992) for shallow land disposal of Class B and
Class C LLW. There are presently two NRC standards, depending on the nature
of the matrix. For cementitious matrices, the minimum acceptable compressive
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