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Dow Polymer
WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0
Literature Search WRAP 2A
Page 5 of 9
1. H. E. Filter and K. Roberson, "The Dow System for Solidification of Low
Level Radioactive Wastes from Nuclear Power Plants," Technical Report,
Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, May 1977.
Envirostone
This is one of the initia7 Company reports describing Dow Polymer and it
use as a solidification agent.
1. T. L. Rosenstiel, S. P. Bodett, and R. G. Lange, "Envirostone Gypsum
Cement," 1984 Topical Report, United States Gypsum, Libertyville, IL.
This report details the qualification of Envirostone Gypsum Cement per
e` .P 10 CFR-61 type tests. Test samples include boric acid, ion exchange
resin, and oil wastes; all waste products tested were qualified.
2. T. L. Rosenstiel and R. G. Lange, "The Solidification of Low Level
Radioactive Organic Fluids with Envirostone Gypsum Cement," Waste
Management '84, March 11-15, 1984, Tucson, AZ, pp 169-172.
Grout
The report covers the successful solidification of oils using
emulsifiers in conjunction with Envirostone cement.
I. E: L. Wiihite and R. L. Hooker, "Saltstone Processing Startup at the
Savannah River Plant," Spectrum '88, September 11-15, 1988, Pasco, WA,
pp 99-101.
Predicted maximum ground-water concentration of all contaminants from
saltstone disposal are below ground-water standards based on modeling
studins_
2. T. M. Gilliam, R. D. Spence, B. S. Evans-Brown, I. L. Morgan,
J. L. Shoemaker, and W. D. Bostick, "Performance Testing of Blast
Furnace Slag for Immobilization of Technetium in Grout". Spectrum '88,
September 11-15, 1988, Pasco, WA, pp 109-111.
The addition of slag cement improved the retention of technetium and to
a lesser extent nitrate.
3. C. A. Langton, "Metal Toxicity Evaluation of Savannah River Plant
Saltstone Comparison of EP and TCLP Test Results," Waste Management '88,
Vol. 1, February 28 - March 3, 1988, Tucson, AZ, pp 197-203.
Based on EP and TCLP tests, chromium Is chemically stabilized in s7ag
based-3&l-titone and physically entrapped in the cement based saltstone.
The_chemica7 stabilization is preferred ( better)!
4. T. L. Sams and E. W. McDaniel, "Development of a Cement-Based Grout for
Immobilization of a Low Level Waste Stream containing Sodium Sulfate,"
Waste Management '88, Vol. 1, February 28 - March 3, 1988, Tucson, AZ,
pp 703-708.
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