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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Polyethylene (and other thermoplastics) can be used to encapsulate wastes, by using melt processes similar to those used for bitumens. The molten material is mixed with waste and allowed to cool, forming a solid plastic block. Encapsulation Macro-encapsulation is used to isolate large waste items from the surroundings by use of primary physical barriers. Thermoplastics are well suited for this application. Micro-encapsulation involves the intimate mixing of waste and polyethylene, as in a screw-type extruder, to form a thorough coating on particulate waste. Although such a process does not chemically bind the waste constituents, the coating would be complete enough to prohibit release by normal mechanisms (ie. leaching). Chemical (Thermosetting) Polymers Thermosetting polymers are produced through chemical reaction between organic monomers. They are strong, tough, and are not adversely affected by high temperatures. The exact types and proportions of the raw materials is often proprietary information. Many of the raw materials are hazardous or toxic chemicals. Polystyrene Polystyrene is formed by adding a catalyst (i.e acrylonitrile) to styrene. -The-re-acti3n i-s-exathermic;-producing a-strong, forittie piastic matrix. The material is not useful for encapsulating water-bearing wastes. "o • iyester resins Pnlyester resins ,arre formed-by a chemical reaction between a resin (i.e. styrene), promoter ( i.e. phthalic acid), and a catalyst ( i.e organic peroxide), to form a encapsulating matrix around the waste. The reaction is exothermal and can produce temperatures around 60°C. Modified polyesters have been developed with enhanced water encapsulation abilities. Urea-formaldehyde resin Urea-formaldehyde polymers are created by aqueous emulsion of urea and formaldehyde reaction, and this process has been used material is susceptible to embrittlement time. Epoxy resins adding a mineral acid catalyst to an Water is a byproduct of the to encapsulate aqueous wastes. The by dehydration and "bleeding" over Epoxies are produced by reactions between phenols and epoxides, in the presence of alkali to neutralize the HC1 byproduct. Chemicals which enhance water compatibility and modify structural properties_can_be added. The reaction is only mildly exothermic, but the materials are generally more expensive than other polymers. Other G-6
Ceramics and glass WHC-SD-W200-TI-003 Rev. 0 Ceram-ir- and- -g1 ass matr-i ces - .a-re -fo^med by subj^'ctiîg ^rastes to high temperature treatment. Ceramic aluminosilicates or vitreous borosilicates are added to - produce a strong, almost impervious final waste form. Calcination Calcination refers to processes that heat the waste to just below the point of fusion (melting). The final product is a granular material that can be processed by ceramic and powder metallurgy techniques into a suitable final form. Vitrification Vitrification refers to processes where the waste is heated to a temperature above its melting point. Glass-forming minerals are often added to modify the `.a properties of the final waste form. IMMOBILIZATION PROCESSES The physical and mechanical systems used to incorporate waste materials into = the immobiiization matrix are dependent on the chemical and physical 3; properties of the waste, the type of immobilization matrix, and the treatment process. A brief description of process technologies follows. ^ Cementation Cementation processes are typified by dry materials handling using bins, hoppers, and solids mixers. If properly configured, the same equipment may be used to prepare several different immobilization matrices (i.e. ordinary cement, pozzolanic cements, and gypsum cements). Dry material handling Bins & hoppers Bulk and day storage equipment for dry solids require proper bin and hopper design to assure free flow of the powders. Storage facilities should be designed with mass flow hoppers to maximize storage capacity. Pneumatic conveying Most dry powder handling systems use pneumatic conveyors for unloading bulk trucks and transfer from storage to process units. Pneumatic conveyor systems are subject to erosion failure, and improper design can cause plugging or unsteady flow problems. Dust control ThEnature-o€--cem*nt-raw-arater-i^ls-regu3res the-use of dust control equipment. The use of cyclones, bag filters and air recirculation are typical methods for controlling dust. G-7
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R 2.1 199^ ^.EN GINEERING DATA TRAN
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Date Received% • I INFORMATION RE
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. SUPPORTING DOCUMENT 1. Total Page
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 EXECUTIVE
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 been achi
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F`= WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 DESCR
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 LIST OF T
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 WASTE REC
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 1.2.1 Fee
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^s. WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 conta
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__-'°'2 WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0
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2.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK WHC-SD-W10
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^..." ;_:.. :.^ .^.y^ WHC-SD-W100-T
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 which the
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kIHC-Sû-Wi"v"u-Ti-u03 Rev. V ,--,,
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Type 1 wa
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3.3 TESTING APPROACH WHC-SD-W100-TI
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^.: fi WNC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Fi
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4.1 SCREENING TEST RESULTS WHC-SD-W
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 4.1.3 The
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p Sam le Compressive Radiation stre
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Table 4-3
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..., TESTING RESULTS .^.CSSD-W-1OO-
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1.0 INTRODUCTION WHC-SD-W100-TI-003
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Waste For
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^-: -- ^ Component Waste Type 1 LET
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.^x. --1vHC-SD iii00- T i-003 Rev.
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WHC-SD-W: JV-TI-VVJ ^cv. v APPENDIX
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,..^ c:-- z ,.E ^=t ^^ln^l WHC-SD-W
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Scope WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Sup
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00 V F-' Activity and Miltstone Cha
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Laborator
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WHC-SD-WIOO-TI-003 Rev. 0 APPENDIX
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16490 Chiaccothe Itoad Chagrin Fall
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ca-. tY•^_E Q . - - StoGkE4uip+!n
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^.. WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 . , I
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Waste Type: WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev.
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Stock E quipment Company A Unit of
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G' ,.,. d,_ s WHC-0-W100-TI-003 Rev
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Cx U: r°... .• , .ti Waste Type:
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-. LeachantSolution: Specimen Diame
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c^1, WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 THER
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..... lry" - Stock E a uipment Comp
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;=. .:^;. WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev< 0
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(.7 ..^^ -„n f^. [Y^. Waste Type:
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Date: _ Leachability Time Point Lea
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23 Ninety ( 90) Day Immersion Test
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ty ,.. ='`F r...,, b Ly.. Specimen
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25 BIODEGRADATION TEST PROCEDURE St
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Date: WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 BIO
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^_... ..^^ C:i1 Date: WHC-SD-W100-T
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Date: WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 --
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f-^ -- WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 2.
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^-..., 3•0 ASSAY FOR MEI'ALS 3.1
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 APPENDIX
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 STOCK EQU
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19 SCOPE AND APPLICATION WHC-SD-W10
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L:^3 ll Q. 4 AA :'ILTEP.S WHC-0-W10
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4_T tJrD o,...Ys j ^,.,. WHC-SD-W10
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 -, Proced
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Procedure
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(FM WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Proce
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C... 6 Wet Waste Sample Contains no
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^' . WHC-SD-W100-T1-003 Rev. 0 TABL
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c. 03 00 r=3 ^t C^' II 6.0 II Calib
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Dow Chemi
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WHC-S®-hi1.00-T'.-00?, Rev. Dow Ch
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Daw M.. u
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^ ^..rYfl VF •UIYb 1 1 AGA GllS.
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 APPENDIX
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CHARACTERIZATION DATA Part A: Overv
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Grit Specie or MaterialOverall Cont
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 The incin
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 183-H BAS
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 June - Se
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 BASINS 3
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 BASINS 3
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^- WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 BASIN
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 ---------
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J. L. Westcott Page 3 June 1, 1992
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•N`^C-Sf1-"d100-71-003 Rev. 0 ,S'
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CONTAINER /NFORMATlO N: `d"-C-Sn-'w
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ONTANVER BVFORMA SI7 E: AMOUN=i 8 G
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LOT WRAP 2A.4 SHEET 7.XLS RECOMMEND
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LOT WRAP 2A.5 SHEET 8.XLS RECOMMEND
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.:•n-,,, LOT WRAP 2A.6 SHEET 9.XL
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LOT WRAP 2A.7 SHEET 10.XLS RECOMMEN
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PHYSICAL DESCR/PTTON: V-r-S?-W100-T
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,.: Westinoause Harlford COMM WHC-S
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O I tA SHEETII.XLS ;, LOT WRAP2A.2
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CONTAINER /NFORMAT/ON: DOSE: SIZE:
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PU33-11-1992 09:48 FROM EDS/qRI$ir
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LOT WRAP 2A 10 Slf-EET 14.)C,S RECO
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qN i: 105N-89-1097 105N-89-1098 105
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SIZE: DOSE: 5 GAL 1 1@15 Mr 30 GAL
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Westtngho
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LOT WRAP A2.14 SHEET 18.XLS RECOMME
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---- - LOT WRAP ZA.13 SHEET 17.XLS
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--^ WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 APPEN
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Westingho
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Table 1 Candidate Waste Forms Absor
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--- -Aauaspt and Pe-liroset WHC-SD-
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- '^ - qev. r' Literature Search WR
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Dow Polymer WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev.
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L im e Literature Search WRAP 2A Pa
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The report compares the 7eachabilit
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J. L. Westcott Page 2 May 29, 1992
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Package #1: Package #2: WHC-SD-W100
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 SURVEY OF
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f ..;' WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 A
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 commercia
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Revo 0 Bibliogra
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 A. P. Tos
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OAK R1DGE NATIONAL LABORATORY OPERA
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 commercia
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Revo 0 A report
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 impermeab
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 reprocess
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 STR?.THGI
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Contained under four reports: WHC-S
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^.yo F-SD-W"00-7-003 Rev. 0 THERMOS
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 The techn
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loomi^^lC& 111111111111F .^^.\ West
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û9^c ?fi. ...^ .._-, WHC-SD-W100-T
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Stock Equipment Company WHC-SD-WI00
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^ i w STOCK EOUIPMENT COMPANY 14-OC
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\. . 1 .: lh,lf^ LEACH / IMMERSIONI
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^;- v.4'? Sampls ID L781 Elsment CO
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4.a
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Sanp)a ID L781 Elamant STRONTIUM Ma
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.^ "-; SampI81D L3B2 Z e"- ^.;;. Sa
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Sample 10 L3B1 Elsmant CESIUM Matri
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Sample ID W B1 Elemant STRONIIUM Ma
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Westinghouse Hanford Company 2355 S
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--- - ftCR-e4Uip1P1eFf Company WHC-
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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 Russ Czel
Page 311 and 312: Stock Equipment Company 3:0 -SCFIED
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Page 331 and 332: Stock Equipment Company 1.0 SUMMARY
Page 333 and 334: Stock Equipment Company WHC-SD-W100
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Page 343 and 344: SAMPLE ID Li-117 L1-118 L1-19 L3-17
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Page 357 and 358: WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 APPENDIX
Page 359 and 360: WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0 _QVrDvrru
Page 361: ^-_- .,:... WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev.
Page 365 and 366: ,. ., Extruder/melter WHC-SD-W100-T
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