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WHC-SD-W100-TI-003 Rev. 0
Literature Search WRAP 2A
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Some formulations exhibited typical cure patterns, others did not
particularly those with high resin loadings.
17. B. L. Ganser, "Cementation - A Solution for Final Disposal," Waste
Management '90, Vol. 2, February 25 - March 1, 1990, Tucson, AZ,
pp 527-533.
Rlast furnaie s7ay^-Cement showed-Iower -radionuclide
r leach results than
portland cement. Cement products formed by direct cementation of liquid
wastes showed excellent mechanical properties. Tong term stability of
cement looked good except under unrealistic harsh conditions.
18. K. Sauda, F. Todo, T. Nakashima, T. Kagawa, and H. Kuribayashi,
"Advanced Cement-Solidification Process for Spent Ion-Exchange Resins,"
Waste Management '90, February 25 - March 1, 1990, Tucson, AZ,
pp 299-303.
-_ ,
Spent ion-exchange resins were pretreated and modification made to
enhance cement solidification. They included ( 1) adsorption of Na, Ca,
^- --- -- andotherionss ( 2) improvement of the cement binder, (3) coating the
resin with polyester or other sealant, and (4) resin pretreatment to
increase the water content.
19. H. J. Funk and R. Pfeiffer, "Solidification by Cementation of Liquid
Radioactive Primary Waste Mixes," Waste Management '90, February 25 -
March 1, 1990, Tucson, AZ, pp 803-807.
They used an in-drum cement mixing method to solidify evaporator and
other process residues of primarily sodium nitrate. A water to cement
ratio of O.a5 was used to yield a compressive strength product of 10
N/sq mm.
--- ZD.-__A,_M_ Boehmer_and-M. M.Larsen,_"So1.idi-firat9om o-f-tlazardous and M,;xed
Radioactive Waste at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory," Waste
Management '86, Vol. 1, March 2-6, 1986, Tucson, AZ, pp 635-642.
Mixed wastes were successfully solidified using cement, cement-silicate,
or Envirostone to produce non-toxic stable waste forms. In-drum mixers
or rotary drum mixers were used to prepare the test drums.
21. J. A. Stone and P. D. d'Entremont, "Measurement and Control of Cement
Set Times in Waste Solidification," DP-1404, Technical Report, Savannah
River Laboratory, Aiken, SC, September 1976.
The report addresses the use of set retarders particularly Pozzolith
122-R and showed that retarders could be used to control the cementwaste
set times.
22. "Atcor Radwaste Solidification Systems," Technical Data Sheet, Atcor
Engineered Systems, Inc., Chem-Nuclear Company, Avon, CT.
Atcor has cement and Dow polymer feed storage systems, in-line or incontainer
(steel liners) mixer systems, and support systems to provide
waste solidification services per customer needs.
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