A guide to leading practice sustainable development in mining

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PCBs from transformers. Australia’s PCB Management Plan (1996) has been taken up in State and Territory regulations. As a result of earlier efforts to remove PCBs from service, many transformer oils are actually dilute solutions of PCB in paraffin. Where the PCB content is 50 mg/kg (50 ppm) or greater, the material must be treated to destroy PCBs and reduce the level to 2 ppm or less. Although complete phase-out may still be some years away, most PCB-containing oil has been removed from service, and treated as required. Asbestos from various on-site plants including AC (Asbestos cement) sheets on old buildings. Asbestos lagging is seldom employed on pipework these days but some old plants may still contain this material. State and Territory regulations place restrictions on its removal and disposal. Surplus paints, pesticides and laboratory chemicals. Stored oil-based paints are fire hazards, while pesticides and laboratory chemicals may have human health and/or environmental impacts, or both. Chemical containers may contain residual chemicals that pose risks to human health and the environment. They should be disposed of safely. Clean containers may not be hazardous, and collection and recycling options may be available under the DrumMuster program for plastic and metal containers in which pesticides had been supplied. Solvents used in extraction plants. Hydrocarbon solvents such as kerosene are used in solvent extraction plants for separating complexed metal ions. As with the petroleum products described above, there are flammability hazards and also security risks. Managing Acid Mine Drainage Although acid mine drainage is usually associated with hard rock metalliferous mines it can also manifest itself in coal mines and, in mineral sand mines. The Cloverdale mine is one of several mineral sand mines operated by Iluka Resources Limited (Iluka) in the south-west of Western Australia. The mines occur in deep sandy soils formed by marine regression and transgression events 1.5-2.3mya. AMD is a potential risk at these sites and is typically associated with fine-grained framboidal pyritic material in the pit walls, ore and overburden material. In the early stages of mine planning at Cloverdale, a detailed survey was undertaken to map the extent of acid generating materials within the orebody and adjacent areas. The survey data and 3D model of acid generating materials assisted mine management to better understand the possible extent of AMD issues at the Cloverdale site. Mine planners have utilised this information during development of the mining schedule, to minimise the impact of AMD associated with pit dewatering, mining and handling of acid generating materials. The information has also been used to estimate AMD management (e.g. treatment) costs during operations, and the overall economic impact of AMD on the project. An AMD Management Plan was also developed for the site, to provide a basis for day to day management of acid generating materials throughout the mine life (see LP AMD p.41). A GUIDE TO LEADING PRACTICE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MINING 109
Figure 4.9 – Geological control to separate acid generating material A risk assessment approach such as described in Section 7.1 of the Risk Handbook and the Tom Price case study (see LP AMD p.44) can provide input to the design of new projects, to ensure that the next generation of mines has the best possible chance of effectively managing AMD and enhancing sustainable development. Acidic and metalliferous drainage as well as spontaneous combustion (self heating) problems are known to be associated with the iron ore deposits that mine unoxidised Mount McRae Shale (MCS) as waste in the Hamersley Province of Western Australia. When un-oxidised, the MCS is a black, carbonaceous and sulfide bearing shale (pyritic black shale) that poses both an AMD and self heating risk. Management of pyritic black shale at Tom Price, and all other Rio Tinto Iron Ore sites in the Hamersley Province, is carried out in accordance with a Black Shale Management Plan. The management strategy utilised in the plan is broadly based upon the following principles: (1) identification of black shale distribution and character; (2) minimisation of exposure and mining of pyritic black shale; (3) identification and special handling of pyritic black shale that must be mined; (4) encapsulation of pyritic black shale inside inert waste rock dumps to limit water contact and allow the dumps to be revegetated; and/or (5) placement of pyritic black shale below the water table in backfilled open pits. Assessment of the plan has indicated that it has been successful in preventing spontaneous combustion. In regard to AMD, however, it has been concluded that pyritic oxidation can still occur throughout the dumps and generate pollutants that have the potential to lead to AMD. Consequently, Rio Tinto Iron Ore has initiated a detailed AMD mitigation and management strategy that aims to preserve the environmental values of the regional water resources. 110 LEADING PRACTICE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY
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LEADING PRACTICE SUSTAINABLE DEVELO
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Disclaimer This publication has bee
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3.0 DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION 61
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Leading Practi
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viii LEADING PRACTICE SUSTAINABLE D
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The Purpose and La
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Airborne Contaminants, Noise and Vi
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Water Management (LP Water) This ha
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Site water team Corporate managemen
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Sustainable Mining There is no one
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Mining the resource efficiently. Th
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Efficiency SUSTAINABLE MINING PRACT
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LOCATION: Vilabouly District, Savan
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Leading Practice The handbooks in t
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2.0 PRE-DEVELOPMENT: MINERAL EXPLOR
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The application of high standard en
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The Business Case for Sustainabilit
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The information obtained from these
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conditions are appropriate. In NSW,
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Such richness also brings challenge
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The dunefields of Shelburne Bay had
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Community Engagement in the Early S
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Baseline studies and social impact
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Upon completion of the study, resea
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The scenarios envisaged for the Wat
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2. Reflections on the significance
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Engaging with Indigenous communitie
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Figure 2.9 - A New Township under C
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Geochemical assessment aims to iden
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Regardless of the project phase (ex
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Evaluating Performance: Monitoring
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For these reasons, it is important
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Risk Management and Exploration Exp
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Post-mining & closure Resource deve
Page 70: level of family diversity was maint
Page 73 and 74: Introduction The development and co
Page 75 and 76: MINE: Mt Todd LOCATION: Near Kather
Page 77 and 78: Airborne Contaminants, Noise and Vi
Page 79 and 80: Biodiversity Management During Deve
Page 81 and 82: Rather than taking a generic approa
Page 83 and 84: Step 2: Working in collaboration On
Page 85 and 86: course was designed to train and pr
Page 87 and 88: Adjustments for changes in the mine
Page 89 and 90: indicators of high importance durin
Page 91 and 92: Operating major mining projects pre
Page 93 and 94: the earliest stage of development,
Page 95 and 96: Watercourse diversions In order to
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3.7 - Morwell River after di
Page 99 and 100: tailings disposal techniques contin
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.2 - Predicted blast overpr
Page 103 and 104: Responsible management of biodivers
Page 105 and 106: Leading practice management of wate
Page 107 and 108: MINE: Pierina Mine LOCATION: Distri
Page 109 and 110: Weipa - a sustainable approach to t
Page 111 and 112: Adopting the International Cyanide
Page 113 and 114: Box 1: Major recent incidents invol
Page 115 and 116: MINE: Chatree gold mine LOCATION: P
Page 117 and 118: The audit outcomes also highlight t
Page 119: Mercury for gold recovery in small/
Page 123 and 124: highest rating group for the whole
Page 125 and 126: Figure 4.13 - Beverley uranium mine
Page 127 and 128: from 2.5 - 3.0 tonnes/man-shift to
Page 129 and 130: Figure 4.17 - Sunrise Dam TSF Taili
Page 131 and 132: Dry stacking bauxite residue is now
Page 133 and 134: Once the water is used underground
Page 135 and 136: The Rio Tinto “Excellence in Wate
Page 137 and 138: Background Image: Sourced from GOOG
Page 139 and 140: Company policies and government reg
Page 142 and 143: 5.0 MINE REHABILITATION AND CLOSURE
Page 144 and 145: Closure involves the implementation
Page 146 and 147: Biodiversity and Closure Introducti
Page 148 and 149: e better than the high standard bei
Page 150 and 151: Figure 5.7 - Pasture and shelter tr
Page 152 and 153: The Argyle Diamonds case study (see
Page 154 and 155: support and on site accommodation a
Page 156 and 157: Having the right information to mak
Page 158 and 159: Figure 5.13 - Misima after rehabili
Page 160 and 161: In January 2011, the PNG government
Page 162 and 163: MINE: Former lignite mines LOCATION
Page 164 and 165: Fig 5.16: Former Minister Stein Coa
Page 166 and 167: Figure 5.19 - Rehabilitated mine si
Page 168 and 169: Figure 5.21 - Pit water treatment p
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Final Rehabilitation Rehabilitation
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Figure 5.23: Aerial view of Area 4
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Landform construction In general, e
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The Hsin-Chen Shan quarry terrain i
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Figure 5.29 - Spreading topsoil at
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Risk Management Risk at closure and
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During the 1980s and 1990s, a numbe
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An example of direct vegetation is
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Water Management Central to a mine
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Department of Resources, Energy and
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GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS Abandoned min
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Biodiversity offsets Conservation a
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Cultural heritage Cultural heritage
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Engagement At its simplest, engagem
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High rate thickener A thickener thr
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NAPP Net Acid Producing Potential,
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Product stewardship This is perhaps
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Risk management process The risk ma
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Sustainable development Sustainable
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A guide to leading practice sustainable development in mining

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