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Policies, adopted measures
and proposals for mitigation of
greenhouse gas emissions
Current domestic policies and guidelines for
emissions mitigation along with the country’s
goal towards carbon neutrality provide explicit
recognition to the internalization of an economic
policy in the national environmental policy.
This policy incorporates in the energy bill, economic
benefits obtained from renewable energy
sources, as well as reduction and avoidance of
an important quantity of greenhouse gas emissions
(GHG) that will have been release otherwise
in a base scenario. In addition, the policy
internalizes and promotes a transport sector
based on renewable energy, since more than
60% of GHG emissions derive from the use of
fossil fuels from transportation activities.
Another innovator policy element is the internal
scheme that provides incentives to national
companies and producers to move forward in
the process for technological research and development
to reduce emissions in relation to each
production unit. This will be accomplished by
designing a local market for net emission reductions
that could be purchased by those who did
not achieve their emission goals. According to
this scheme, holders of verified net credits could
allocate them with those that exceed their net
emission balance. This scheme will enter into effect
progressively in order to promote the process
and move towards the goal of carbon neutrality.
This scheme of a policy for emission reduction
and preparation to climate change that includes
projects of second generation present the opportunity
to incorporate all type of ecosystems with
capacity to capture and fix GHG emissions. This
will allow a broader scope beyond the forestry
sector through the Payment for Environmental
Services (PES) that demonstrates disproportionate
distribution by the concentration of income
in a few extensive landowners.
Reduced emissions will allow generation of
economic incentives and markets to increase
authorized emission reduction transactions
among those holders which net emission balance
is negative. This will promote trading and
generation of economic incentives and will encourage
technological changes to technologies
that will make possible to achieve the goal of
carbon neutrality, through best production practices
and energy generation from renewable
sources and less emitter of GHG emissions.
Proposed measured are established for individual
sectors and well as crosscutting links to
develop national policies. In addition to guidelines,
areas, measures and proposals, there is a
list of main projects in order to move towards
GHG mitigation to address climate change and
advance to C-neutrality. These issues are closely
related to mitigation technologies and GHG
emission reductions.
Costa Rica has designed these policies in recognition
to its unilateral declaration of carbon
neutrality announced internationally. Therefore,
these policies respond to the national commitment
to fulfill its international position and they
are not isolated initiatives aimed at merely satisfying
a requirement to the UNFCCC. On the
contrary, these policies will generate an effective
scheme for the country’s strategy that will be
enabled by the appropriate mechanisms for its
coordination, implementation and monitoring.
GHG Mitigation Options to Achieve
Carbon Neutrality in 2021
In order to define a portfolio of mitigation projects
and efforts towards the national goal of
carbon neutrality, sectors must consider that the
national economy requires to increase production
of energy from renewable sources and to
reduce dependence on fossil fuels. According
to the results and previous estimations, energy
production from hydrological sources presents
II Comunicación Nacional 2009