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Technology Transfer
The relative distribution of total net emissions
in Costa Rica indicates that the energy and agriculture
sectors have historically contributed the
greater share of GHG emissions. Projections indicate
that contributions from the energy sector
will rise to 70% by 2021, whereas the agriculture
and livestock sector will decrease its emissions
from 30 to 20%.
The urban and freight trains are considered to
be one of the best options for reducing emissions.
By 2010, total net emissions (baseline
scenario) in the country are estimated to reach
13,000 Gg, and this technology would reduce
emissions from business as usual down to
11,000 Gg. Total net emissions for 2015, with
and without the train projects, are estimated to
reach 15,000 Gg and 13,000 Gg, respectively,
and 18,000 Gg and 15,000 Gg, respectively, by
2021. This represents a decrease in total net
emissions in the order of 14 to17%.
In the agricultural sector, a combination of different
technologies could lead to a 5% greenhouse
gas emission reduction pasture management
and to 10% reduction through better
management of nitrogen fertilizers, leading to a
400Gg GHG reduction by 2010 which equals
a 3.2% reduction. For 2014 and 2018 similar
reductions are projected for the agriculture and
livestock sector, which would bring down the
total emissions to 14,000 and 16,000 thousand
Gg respectively. For 2021, the projected emissions
for the agricultural sector would equal
5,000 Gg of a total of 18,000 Gg, and the emissions
reductions from using the foreseen technological
measures would equal 2.4% of the
total emissions.
the transportation sector would reach 5,500 Gg,
bringing down total emissions from the baseline
down by 3.7%. Emissions by 2018 and 2021
would be reduced in 4%.
The yearly emissions reduction in the transportation
sector would be close to 1.000 Gg.
Solar energy, photovoltaic energy, hydrogen
cells, wave energy, and second-generation
biofuels are also options considered within this
chapter.
Climate change systematic
observation, investigation, and
capacity development in Costa Rica
Costa Rica’s national meteorological network is
one of the first in Central America in terms of
length of data sets, quantity and type of stations,
and in terms of the sustainability it has historically
had, playing an important role in support
to agriculture, construction, aviation, the detection
of hazardous and other atmospheric phenomena,
and other aspects of national life.
The dots in the following Figure i.8 represent
weather stations operated by different institutions.
The red dots represent mountainous areas
in which the Costa Rican Electricity Institute
(ICE) holds The points where meteorological
measurements are made by the different institutions
operating stations are shown in Figure
i.8, where the red dots show the high places
(mountain) in which the Costa Rican Electricity
Institute (ICE) does hydrological measurements,
specially of river flows.
It is estimated that the introduction of electric vehicles
into the country would bring down emissions
by 3.5% by 2010, which equals a GHG
reduction of 500Gg. By 2014, emissions from
Executive Summary