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b) Meteorological radar network, which
would greatly improve rain and river flow
forecasting, specifically supporting the assessment
of floods.
c) Forest fires network, to enhance prevention
through constant monitoring of soil
humidity and temperature, and humidity
of combustible material. It should be
installed jointly between ICE and the national
System for Conservation Areas (SI-
NAC).
d) Water quality network, as there is no
doubt that water quality measurements in
bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, and
reservoirs have been omitted from the climate
and hydrometeorological network.
The establishment of a climate change network
requires the installation of pattern weather stations,
that should a) have more precise instruments
than the ones currently being used; b) be
periodically calibrated against pattern instruments,
in order to ensure data quality throughout
time; c) be placed in sites that are not disturbed
by situations foreign to climate; d) have
easy access to spare parts in order to give constant
maintenance; e) be inserted into regional
networks in order to ensure compatibility with
that of other countries.
Two ocean buoys will be installed in upcoming
years in open waters off the country’s coast both
in the Caribbean as in the Pacific, in order to
monitor wind, sea level, salinity, and sea surface
temperature.
With regard to atmospheric pollution, the network
should measure the following variables:
carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2
),
nitrogen dioxide (NO 2
), sulfur dioxide (SO 2
), hydrogen
sulfide (H 2
S), superficial ozone (O 3
, and
methane (CH 4
).
Other relevant information to achieve
the objectives of the Convention
This section summarizes common elements among
the three Conventions.
a) Legal perspective: Officials responsible for
the implementation of international environmental
Conventions consider that there is no
need to enact additional domestic legislation
to improve or enhance such implementation.
In general, the existing legal framework is adequate,
although there is a need to strengthen
the legal and institutional mechanisms and
build on political will to ensure effective compliance,
in particular for the constitutional recognition
of international conventions as higher
ranked than domestic laws.
b) Political perspective: Main difficulties for the
effective implementation of global environmental
agreements are related to the lack of
incorporation of international obligations and
responsibilities within national policies and
planning processes. This limitation are linked
to the lack of appropriate mechanisms for sectorial
coordination that will promote an integral
development pathway.
c) Institutional perspective: there is a lack of appropriate
coordination mechanisms among
the different sectors and institutions responsible
for the implementation of international
environmental agreements. Responsibilities
and institutional functions are not clearly established
causing overlapping and gaps in improving
actions efficiently.
d) Operational limitations: there are no appropriate
indicators to measure political
impacts and the efficiency of the implementation
of international Conventions.
e) Financial limitations: there is not a formal
public planning process to include in the
national budget the cost of putting into effect
actions, plans and programs according
to the implementation of international
commitments.
II Comunicación Nacional 2009