TehniÄka termodinamika - Kemijsko-tehnoloÅ¡ki fakultet

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TEHNIČKA TERMODINAMIKA__________________________________________ ratura, a prema prethodnoj jednadžbi i koeficijent nagiba kod ovog prijelaza samo postupno mijenja. Na slici 58. prikazan je Mollierov entalpija-entropija dijagram. Osobita je prednost h, s – dijagrama u tome da se izvršeni rad i izmijenjene topline prikazuju kao dužine, a ne kao površine kao u T, s – dijagramu. Prema prijedlogu Molliera može se površina slike bolje iskoristiti ako se upotrijebi kosokutni koordinatni sustav, slika 59. p K t K Slika 58. Mollierov h, s – dijagram za vodenu paru. 216
______________________________________________________Stvarni ili realni plinovi i pare Slika 59. h, s – dijagram u kosokutnom koordinatnom sustavu U području vlažne pare bit će r h = h′ + r ⋅ x i s = s′ + ⋅ x T odakle se nakon uvrštavanja vrijednosti za s r ⋅ x dobiva h = h′ − T ⋅ s′ + T ⋅ s . U posljednjoj jednadžbi za p = konst. bit će i h′ − Ts ⋅ s′ = b = konst. pa je s h = Ts ⋅ s + b što će u h, s – dijagramu biti pravac s koeficijentom T s prethodni izraz ⎛ ∂h ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ = T . ⎝ ∂s ⎠ p s čime se potvrđuje Dužina izobara, pa prema tome i točke na gornjoj graničnoj krivulji, nalazi se iz r izraza h ′′ − h′ = r i s ′ − s′ = . Granična izobara (kroz kritičnu točku) ima ⎛ ∂h ⎞ nagib ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ∂s ⎠ = TK p K → ( s ′′ − s′ ) 0 T s h ′′ h′ i , a dužina joj teži nuli, pošto joj r → 0, ( − ) 0 K → . Dok se izobare i izoterme u području vlažne pare poklapaju, dotle se one u podrčju pregrijane pare razdvajaju u posebne krivulje. Mollierov h, s – dijagram ima veliko praktično značenje i primjenu u toplinskim proračunima parnih motora kao i pri rješavanju brojnih zadataka iz teorije i prakse. 5.3.5. Promjene stanja vodene pare Razmatrat ćemo pojedine slučajeve promjene stanja u p, v –, T, s – i h, s – dijagramu. Za svaku promjenu stanja analizirat ćemo, u prvom redu, količinu izmijenjene topline i izvršeni rad. 217
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Prof. dr. sc. Nedjeljka Petric Prof
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TehniÄka termodinamika - Kemijsko-tehnoloÅ¡ki fakultet

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