TehniÄka termodinamika - Kemijsko-tehnoloÅ¡ki fakultet

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__________________________________Tehnička postrojenja za provedbu kružnih procesa Slika 97. Ovisnost termičkog stupnja djelovanja η t Ottovog procesa o kompresijskom omjeru ε. Stanje 1 odgovara stanju okoline pa se mogu odrediti temperature i tlakovi za sve karakteristične točke prikazanih dijagrama. Za adijabatsku kompresiju vrijedi relacija κ −1 T1 ⎛ v2 ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ T2 ⎝ v1 ⎠ pa je temperatura na kraju kompresije κ −1 ⎛ v2 ⎞ −1 2 1 ⎜ ⎟ κ T = T = T1 ⋅ ε , ⎝ v1 ⎠ a tlak na završetku kompresije κ ⎛ v ⎞ ⎜ 2 p 2 = p1 ⎟ = p1 ⋅ ⎝ v1 ⎠ što se izvodi iz jednadžbe adijabate. Stanje 4 karakterizirano je tlakom p4 i temperaturom T4 pa se uz zadani tlak p4 , a znajući stanje 1, temperatura T4 određuje iz izraza p4 T 4 = T1 p1 jer je to izohorna promjena. Budući da je promjena stanja između 3 i 4 adijabatska, vrijedi T 3 = T4 ⋅ ε ε κ −1 ⎛ p4 ⎞ = T1 ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⎝ p1 ⎠ κ p 3 = p 4 ⋅ ε što je analogno prethodnim jednadžbama za T2 i p2 . κ ε κ −1 Na slici 98. prikazana je ovisnost tlakova i temperatura o kompresijskom omjeru ε (za κ = 1.35) uz pretpostavku da je p1 = 1 bar, T1 = 293 K i p 4 = 4 bar. Kao što se vidi, postižu se visoke temperature i na kraju izgaranja ( T 3 ) i na 287
TEHNIČKA TERMODINAMIKA__________________________________________ kraju ekspanzije ( T 4 ), a to znači da plinovi izgaranja izlaze iz cilindra zagrijani do visokih temperatura. Srednja temperatura znatno je niža pa je termički stupanj djelovanja motora s Ottovim procesom znatno niži od stupnja djelovanja Carnotovog procesa, ako je maksimalna temperatura Carnotovog procesa jednaka maksimalnoj temperaturi Ottovog procesa, slika 99. Slika 98. Ovisnost temperatura i tlakova radne tvari u Ottovom procesu o kompresijskom omjeru 288
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Prof. dr. sc. Nedjeljka Petric Prof
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TehniÄka termodinamika - Kemijsko-tehnoloÅ¡ki fakultet

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