R_Bibb_Medical_Modelling_The_Application_of_Adv.pdf

Case studies 163
6.41 Merged pre- and post-operative facial scans demonstrating the
magnitude of change in soft tissue morphology (see also colour
section).
of the soft tissue changes is demonstrated in Fig. 6.41. Here the primary
effect of the maxillary distraction at Le Fort 1 level is an advancement of
the upper lip and paranasal areas of 1.7–3.5 mm (red areas). The small
advancement (pink) demonstrated in the frontal region is an artefact introduced
by overlying hair. The small advancement demonstrated in the left
chin is probably due to a change in lip relationship and a slight change in
facial expression. The blue areas in Fig. 6.41 demonstrate a reduction in
lower lip prominence is due to the change in lip relationship caused by the
maxillary advancement. The change demonstrated in the sub-mandibular
region and upper mid-face is suggested to be due to a reduction in body
mass index.
6.7.6 References
1. Broadbent, B H Snr, Broadbent B H Jnr, Golden W H (1975), Bolton Standards
of dentofacial development and growth, St Louis MO, USA, Mosby.
2. McNamara J A Jnr (1984), ‘A method of cephalometric evaluation’, American
Journal of Orthodontics, 86 (6), 449–69.
3. Ackerman R J (1975), ‘The Michigan school study norms expressed in template
form’, American Journal of Orthodontics, 75, 282–90.
4. Ayoub A F, Wray D, Moos K F, Siebert P, Jin J, Niblett T B, Urquhart C,
Mowforth R (1996), ‘Three-dimensional modeling for modern diagnosis and
planning in maxillofacial surgery’, International Journal of Adult Orthodontics
and Orthognathic Surgery, 11 (3), 225–33.
5. Ayoub A F, Siebert P, Moos K F, Wray D, Urquhart C, Niblett T B (1998), ‘A
vision-based three-dimensional capture system for maxillofacial assessment and
surgical planning’, British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 36 (5),
353–7.
6. Ji Y, Zhang F, Schwartz J, Stile F, Lineaweaver W C (2002), ‘Assessment of
facial tissue expansion with three-dimensional digitizer scanning’, Journal of
Craniofacial Surgery, 13 (5), 687–92.
7. Khambay B, Nebel J C, Bowman J, Walker F, Hadley D M, Ayoub A (2002),
‘3D stereophotogrammetric image superimposition onto 3D CT scan images: