R_Bibb_Medical_Modelling_The_Application_of_Adv.pdf

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Future developments 279 ments that require research and ingenuity on the part of engineers and clinicians to adopt, adapt and implement these technologies in ways appropriate to medicine. 7.6 Tissue engineering The ability to create implants that are entirely compatible with the tissue they are replacing is a major goal for reconstruction and rehabilitation and many research groups are actively pursuing the area to such an extent that it is becoming a fi eld in its own right. However, the majority of approaches to manufacturing tissue-engineered structures depend on computercontrolled techniques, many of which are similar in concept to rapid prototyping. This provides yet another crucial driver in the ability to accurately capture anatomy, design for anatomy and specify multiple materials using computer-aided design techniques. Many of the challenges of tissue engineering will require many years of study from multi-disciplinary teams, which will include not only clinicians and engineers but also biologists and biochemists. Many of the proposed developments also require a shift in scale to the cellular level, which will provide yet more challenges to the engineers attempting to model human tissue.
Glossary of terms and abbreviations Technical terms and abbreviations 280 Glossary and explanatory notes 3D Lightyear TM 3D Systems SLA preparation software (3D Systems trademark) 3D Printing RP technology that creates models by selectively adding bind to layers of powder 3D Systems Inc. USA based company producing a range of RP machines ADM advanced digital manufacturing Arcam Swedish RP machine manufacturer Boolean simple mathematical addition or subtraction of one thing with another according to set theory CAD/CAE/CAM computer-aided design/engineering/manufacture CNC Computer Numerical Control – of machining centres, lathes and milling machines digitizing capturing data points from an object’s surface, 3D scanning DLP TM Digital light processing (Texas Instruments trademark) EnvisionTEC German manufacturer of RP machines EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems – a German manufacturer of RP machines FDM TM Fused Deposition Modelling (Stratasys trademark) FEA fi nite element analysis, computer testing of strength or stiffness Helisys Inc. USA based company that produced laminated object manufacture machines InVision TM three-dimensional printing type RP machine utilising acrylate material (3D Systems trademark)
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Medical modelling
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Medical modelling The application o
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Contents Preface ix Acknowledgement
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Contents vii 6.10 Rehabilitation ap
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x Preface Therefore, it is hoped th
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1.1 Background 1 Introduction The p
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Introduction 3 Whilst this book is
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Long axis 1.1 The anatomical positi
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Introduction 7 1.3 The major refere
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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2.2.3 Anatomical coverage Medical i
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2.6 X-ray scatter artefact in a CT
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2.9 Close up of noise. Medical imag
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2.12 Smooth data. Medical imaging f
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1 Medical imaging for rapid prototy
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Export data format and media 33 (NE
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3.3 Media Export data format and me
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4.1 Pixel data operations 4 Working
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4.3 Effect of a high threshold. 4.4
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Working with medical scan data 41 4
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Working with medical scan data 45 S
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4.4 Two-dimensional formats Working
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Working with medical scan data 51 I
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4.18 Close up view showing facets.
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5.1 Background to rapid prototyping
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Physical reproduction 61 developing
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Physical reproduction 63 will displ
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Physical reproduction 65 As there i
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Physical reproduction 67 However, t
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Data quality Physical reproduction
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Physical reproduction 71 In some ca
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Physical reproduction 73 Overhangin
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Physical reproduction 75 5.10 SL mo
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Physical reproduction 77 5.12 Selec
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5.13 A Perfactory ® model of a man
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5.15 FDM TM model of the mandible.
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Table 5.3 Advantages and disadvanta
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Physical reproduction 85 In medical
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Table 5.5 Advantages and disadvanta
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5.7 Jetting head technology 5.7.1 P
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5.23 ThermoJet ® model of the mand
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5.24 LOM TM model of the mandible.
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5.26 LOM TM model of a partial face
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6 Case studies The following case s
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IMPLEMENTATION 6.1 Implementation c
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Post model Hospital department Pati
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Case studies 103 When using this so
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Case studies 105 (Mimics). Image ma
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Case studies 107 full co-operation
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Case studies 109 communication and
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• to achieve patient’s agreemen
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6.2.4 Rapid prototyping technologie
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Case studies 115 not be suitable. A
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Case studies 117 scale of the data
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6.7 SL model with signifi cant stai
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Case studies 121 6.9a Smooth surfac
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Case studies 123 slice editing of t
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Case studies 125 6.12 Removal of bo
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Case studies 127 18. Williams R J,
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Case studies 129 and passing throug
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Case studies 131 6.14 The effect of
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Case studies 133 6.18 The block ove
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Case studies 135 create template (3
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6.4.3 Materials and methods Case st
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6.22 Resected bone compared to SLA
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Case studies 141 9. Robinson R P, C
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Case studies 143 multi-plane reform
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Case studies 145 6.25 The custom ti
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Case studies 147 6.28 Plain radiogr
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Case studies 149 reproduction of ex
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Case studies 151 manner. The softwa
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Case studies 153 surface on which t
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6.33 The guide being fi tted to the
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Case studies 157 The more fundament
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Case studies 159 25. Sarment D P, A
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6.37 Stereolithography models. 6.38
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Case studies 163 6.41 Merged pre- a
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REHABILITATION APPLICATIONS 6.8 Reh
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6.8.3 Methods Preliminary trial of
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Case studies 169 prototyping system
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Case studies 171 The aperture for t
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Case studies 173 7. Manners C R (19
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Case studies 175 during the acquisi
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6.46 Smoothing the data (exaggerate
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6.49 Plaster fi lled SL mould. Case
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Case studies 181 diffi cult for hos
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Case studies 183 extremely diffi cu
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Case studies 185 back as shown in F
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6.54 The result of the Boolean subt
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6.56 The SLA model of the plate. Ca
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6.59 SLA implant on SLA model of de
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Case studies 193 In the near future
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Case studies 195 anatomical forms a
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Case studies 197 Establishing the c
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Case studies 199 6.63 The rough (a)
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Case studies 201 The fi nal prosthe
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Case studies 203 grating the techno
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Case studies 205 6.12 Rehabilitatio
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Case studies 207 • Data capture N
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Case studies 209 placement of two i
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Case studies 211 technique that has
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Case studies 213 6.72 The bar locat
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Case studies 215 Stereolithography
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Case studies 217 authors intend to
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Case studies 219 17. Kau C H, Zhuro
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Case studies 221 310, Sainte-Foy, Q
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6.77a The physically surveyed cast.
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Creation of relief Case studies 225
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6.81 Construction curves. Case stud
Page 242 and 243: 6.83 The support structure in 3D Li
Page 244 and 245: Finishing Case studies 231 The cast
Page 246 and 247: Case studies 233 6.14 Rehabilitatio
Page 248 and 249: 6.86 The RPD framework designed in
Page 250 and 251: Second experiment Case studies 237
Page 252 and 253: Case studies 239 6.90 Close up view
Page 254 and 255: Table 6.2 Process steps and associa
Page 256 and 257: Case studies 243 9. Budtz-Jorgensen
Page 258 and 259: Case studies 245 micro-computed tom
Page 260 and 261: Case studies 247 supports became av
Page 262 and 263: Case studies 249 However, the probl
Page 264 and 265: 6.96 Model of one of the samples su
Page 266 and 267: 6.15.9 Reference Case studies 253 1
Page 268 and 269: Case studies 255 mummies. Mimics so
Page 270 and 271: Case studies 257 6.101 3D reconstru
Page 272 and 273: Case studies 259 6.103 The stages o
Page 274 and 275: 6.16.5 Conclusions Case studies 261
Page 276 and 277: Case studies 263 the patient’s de
Page 278 and 279: Case studies 265 and sharp radii re
Page 280 and 281: Suitable technologies identifi ed C
Page 282 and 283: Case studies 269 6.107 A close-up p
Page 284 and 285: 6.110 The selected region of facial
Page 286 and 287: Case studies 273 patterns were buil
Page 288 and 289: Case studies 275 7. Cheah C M, Chua
Page 290 and 291: Future developments 277 slices to b
Page 294 and 295: Glossary and explanatory notes 281
Page 296 and 297: Glossary and explanatory notes 283
Page 298 and 299: Further reading on anatomy Last’s
Page 300 and 301: Fundamentals of Facial Prosthetics
Page 302 and 303: Rapid Prototyping and Tooling Resea
Page 304 and 305: Contacts 3D Systems 26081 Avenue Ha
Page 306 and 307: Marcam Engineering GmbH Fahrenheits
Page 308 and 309: 3D Lightyear TM 229, 247, 249-51, 2
Page 310: Removable Partial Denture 219-20, 2
Page 313 and 314: 4.10 A three-dimensional shaded ima
Page 315: 6.41 Merged pre- and post-operative
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