3D Lightyear TM 229, 247, 249–51, 280 3D Printing 59, 61, 87–8, 245, 280 3D Systems Inc. 50–1, 60–1, 113, 178, 198, 203, 207, 219, 221, 228–9, 234, 245, 247, 249–50, 266, 280 Acrylate 73–4, 187, 228 Acrylic 171, 188, 200, 226 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) 80, 115 <strong>Adv</strong>anced Digital Manufacturing (ADM) 59, 280 Amethyst 219, 228, 230–1 Anatomical position 4–5 Anatomics 112 Arcam 85, 280 Artefact 15–17, 24–5, 111, 116, 118–19, 122–4, 142, 163, 254, 282 Arthritis 137, 139–40 Arthroplasty 136, 140, 282 Asymmetric 171 Asymmetry 197 Autologous 141, 282 Biobuild TM 112 Biomodelling 1 Boolean 131, 151, 187, 198, 212, 226, 280 Burns 173–5 Cancer 142, 195 CD (CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW) 34–5, 100, 104, 106, 278 CLI 50 CNC 94–6, 114–15, 179–81, 207, 266, 280 Collimation 14, 282 Computed Tomography (CT) 8–9, 107, 110, 112, 115–18, 122–4, 129–30, 135–8, 140, 142–4, 150, 159–60, 184, 192, 194–5, 208–9, 212, 253–5, 259–60, 270, 276–8 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 1, 45–6, 48, 51, 53, 56, 59–60, 111, 113, 150, 165, 173–6, 180, 182–3, 188, 191–2, 194–5, 202, Index 205, 207–9, 219–21, 231–5, 240–1, 247, 262–3, 265, 267, 270, 273–4, 276, 280 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 59–60, 111, 182–3, 219, 233, 240–1, 280 Control Points 56–8, 185 Crani<strong>of</strong>acial 107, 128, 136, 167, 282 Cranioplasty 107, 114, 182–3, 188, 195, 282 Dental 110–2, 159, 209, 211, 215, 220–1, 225, 233–6, 238, 239–42 Deviation 29, 53–4 DICOM 15, 32, 105, 117, 137, 150, 160, 278 Digitize 207, 211 Digitizer 9, 220, 233 Digitizing 8, 280 Distraction 123, 152, 154, 160, 162–3, 283 DLP TM 76, 78–9, 280 DSM Somos 215, 228 DVD 35, 278 EnvisionTEC 61, 76, 191, 228, 234, 266, 280 EOS GmbH 60, 83, 85, 280 Epoxy 73, 143–4, 215, 228 Facet, faceted 50–5, 65, 138, 168, 175, 245 Femur 138 Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 46, 51, 55, 159, 245, 280 FreeForm ® 150, 160, 175–6, 183, 188, 195–7, 202–4, 207–9, 212–14, 220–2, 230, 234–5, 265, 267, 271, 273 Fused Deposition <strong>Modelling</strong> (FDM TM ) 61, 63, 78, 80–1, 83, 85, 87, 113–15, 119, 122–3, 203, 245, 280 Gantry Tilt 14–15, 33, 117–18 Helisys Inc. 60, 91, 280 Hip 96, 136 Hounsfi eld number 142, 282 Human anatomy 1, 3–4, 6–8, 56, 66, 68, 80, 85, 110, 115, 124, 150–1, 183, 234 295
296 Index Huntsman 74, 143 Hypertrophic 173 IGES 48, 56–8 Illium 94 Implant 107, 110–11, 114, 120, 122, 128–33, 135–6, 141–4, 149–51, 169, 182, 187–8, 191–2, 205–10, 215, 276, 279, 283 in vitro 244–5 InVision TM 89–90, 92, 280 Kira 92, 281 Knee 136–40 Laminated Object Manufacture (LOM) 91–5, 115, 170–2, 176–8, 180–1, 203, 259–60, 281 Laser Scanner 207, 209 Laser Scanning 113, 173 Laser Sintering (LS) 60, 63, 81, 83–5, 87, 115, 149, 207, 230, 245, 281 Layer Additive Manufacturing 59 Machining 59, 94–6, 179, 203, 207, 266 Maestro 249–50, 252, 281 Magics 129, 151, 175, 207, 211, 235, 249, 252, 281 Magnetic Resonance (MR) 8, 19, 21–6, 28, 32, 37, 45, 53, 110, 116, 118, 140, 159, 277–8 Magnetic-Optical Disk (MOD) 35, 100 Mandible 74, 79, 81, 84–6, 88, 90–1, 93, 118, 122–3 Materialise N.V. 42, 102, 112, 150–1, 160, 175, 195, 207, 235, 252, 281 Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial 128, 194 Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial Laboratory 147, 176 Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial Prostheses 208 Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial Prosthetics 270 Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial Prosthetist 150, 154, 156, 195, 262 Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial Surgery 75, 110, 148, 194–5, 205, 219, 263 Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial Technology 142, 220 MCP-HEK 85, 151, 207, 235, 281 Mesh 34, 45–6, 55, 58, 120, 122, 245 Milling 60, 89, 94, 114 Mimics 33, 102–3, 105, 112, 129, 150, 160, 195–6, 250, 252, 255, 257–9, 281 Morphology 139, 163 Multi-jet <strong>Modelling</strong> (MJM) 281 Neuroblastoma 166 Neurosurgery 24, 110 Noise 16, 18–19, 22, 25, 29–31, 34, 92, 166, 207, 216, 277 NURBS 56, 58 Nylon 80, 83 Objet 61, 89–92, 266, 281 Oral Surgery 110 Orbital Floor 14, 141–5, 147 Orientation 15, 24, 33, 47, 63, 65–9, 151, 155, 249, 251, 264 Orthodontic 159 Orthopaedic 110 Orthotic 166 Osseointegrated 107, 128–30, 136, 167, 169–70, 283 Osteoporosis 244 Osteotomy 111, 137, 149–52, 155 Pathology 24, 277 Pelvis 71 Perfactory ® 77–9, 219, 228–30, 232, 234, 266 Photopolymer 61, 72 Photopolymerisable 281 Photopolymerisation 143 Photopolymerising 89 Pixel 11–14, 21, 23, 32, 37, 40–3, 45, 47, 63, 78, 112, 117–18, 124, 276 Podiatric 166 Point Cloud 31–2, 34, 36, 45–6, 56, 193, 211, 216, 220, 233 Polycarbonate 80–1 Polydioxanone 141 Polyethylene 141 Polyethyleneterephthalate Glycol (PETG) 174 Polygon 29, 31, 34, 45–6, 50–1, 55, 221, 234, 264 Polygonisation 45, 175 Polygonised 175 PolyJet TM modelling 281 Polyline 47–9 Polyphenylsulphone 80 Polystyrene 167 Polyurethane 87 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 8 Prosthesis, Prostheses 3, 15, 26, 85, 99, 129, 136, 139–41, 143–7, 149, 151, 165–72, 194–9, 201–3, 205–9, 211–12, 215–17, 262–3, 265, 267, 274, 282 Prosthetic(s) 26, 129–30, 146, 149–50, 166–9, 182–3, 188, 193–4, 202, 204–6, 211, 262–4, 266, 270, 273 Prosthetist(s) 3, 129, 131, 149–50, 154, 156, 170, 172, 176, 181–3, 191–2, 195, 203, 205–6, 208, 216, 262, 267, 274 Radiograph 136, 140, 146–7 Radiographer 11, 14, 21–2, 24–5, 32, 37, 99, 101, 103, 117 Radiography 24, 32, 36, 47, 282 Radiology 8, 32, 37, 100–5, 107–8 Region Growing 37, 40–1, 43, 47 Rehabilitation 3–4, 26, 149, 165–6, 172–3, 182, 194–5, 205, 219, 233, 262, 279
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Medical modelling
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Medical modelling The application o
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Contents Preface ix Acknowledgement
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Contents vii 6.10 Rehabilitation ap
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x Preface Therefore, it is hoped th
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1.1 Background 1 Introduction The p
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Introduction 3 Whilst this book is
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Long axis 1.1 The anatomical positi
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Introduction 7 1.3 The major refere
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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2.2.3 Anatomical coverage Medical i
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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2.6 X-ray scatter artefact in a CT
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2.9 Close up of noise. Medical imag
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2.12 Smooth data. Medical imaging f
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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1 Medical imaging for rapid prototy
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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Export data format and media 33 (NE
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3.3 Media Export data format and me
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4.1 Pixel data operations 4 Working
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4.3 Effect of a high threshold. 4.4
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Working with medical scan data 41 4
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Working with medical scan data 43 4
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Working with medical scan data 45 S
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4.4 Two-dimensional formats Working
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Working with medical scan data 49 4
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Working with medical scan data 51 I
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4.18 Close up view showing facets.
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Working with medical scan data 55 4
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Working with medical scan data 57 4
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5.1 Background to rapid prototyping
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Physical reproduction 61 developing
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Physical reproduction 63 will displ
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Physical reproduction 65 As there i
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Physical reproduction 67 However, t
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Data quality Physical reproduction
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Physical reproduction 71 In some ca
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Physical reproduction 73 Overhangin
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Physical reproduction 75 5.10 SL mo
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Physical reproduction 77 5.12 Selec
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5.13 A Perfactory ® model of a man
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5.15 FDM TM model of the mandible.
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Table 5.3 Advantages and disadvanta
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Physical reproduction 85 In medical
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Table 5.5 Advantages and disadvanta
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5.7 Jetting head technology 5.7.1 P
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5.23 ThermoJet ® model of the mand
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5.24 LOM TM model of the mandible.
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5.26 LOM TM model of a partial face
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6 Case studies The following case s
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IMPLEMENTATION 6.1 Implementation c
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Post model Hospital department Pati
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Case studies 103 When using this so
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Case studies 105 (Mimics). Image ma
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Case studies 107 full co-operation
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Case studies 109 communication and
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• to achieve patient’s agreemen
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6.2.4 Rapid prototyping technologie
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Case studies 115 not be suitable. A
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Case studies 117 scale of the data
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6.7 SL model with signifi cant stai
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Case studies 121 6.9a Smooth surfac
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Case studies 123 slice editing of t
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Case studies 125 6.12 Removal of bo
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Case studies 127 18. Williams R J,
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Case studies 129 and passing throug
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Case studies 131 6.14 The effect of
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Case studies 133 6.18 The block ove
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Case studies 135 create template (3
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6.4.3 Materials and methods Case st
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6.22 Resected bone compared to SLA
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Case studies 141 9. Robinson R P, C
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Case studies 143 multi-plane reform
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Case studies 145 6.25 The custom ti
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Case studies 147 6.28 Plain radiogr
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Case studies 149 reproduction of ex
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Case studies 151 manner. The softwa
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Case studies 153 surface on which t
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6.33 The guide being fi tted to the
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Case studies 157 The more fundament
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Case studies 159 25. Sarment D P, A
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6.37 Stereolithography models. 6.38
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Case studies 163 6.41 Merged pre- a
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REHABILITATION APPLICATIONS 6.8 Reh
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6.8.3 Methods Preliminary trial of
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Case studies 169 prototyping system
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Case studies 171 The aperture for t
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Case studies 173 7. Manners C R (19
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Case studies 175 during the acquisi
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6.46 Smoothing the data (exaggerate
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6.49 Plaster fi lled SL mould. Case
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Case studies 181 diffi cult for hos
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Case studies 183 extremely diffi cu
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Case studies 185 back as shown in F
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6.54 The result of the Boolean subt
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6.56 The SLA model of the plate. Ca
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6.59 SLA implant on SLA model of de
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Case studies 193 In the near future
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Case studies 195 anatomical forms a
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Case studies 197 Establishing the c
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Case studies 199 6.63 The rough (a)
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Case studies 201 The fi nal prosthe
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Case studies 203 grating the techno
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Case studies 205 6.12 Rehabilitatio
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Case studies 207 • Data capture N
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Case studies 209 placement of two i
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Case studies 211 technique that has
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Case studies 213 6.72 The bar locat
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Case studies 215 Stereolithography
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Case studies 217 authors intend to
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Case studies 219 17. Kau C H, Zhuro
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Case studies 221 310, Sainte-Foy, Q
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6.77a The physically surveyed cast.
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Creation of relief Case studies 225
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6.81 Construction curves. Case stud
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6.83 The support structure in 3D Li
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Finishing Case studies 231 The cast
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Case studies 233 6.14 Rehabilitatio
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6.86 The RPD framework designed in
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Second experiment Case studies 237
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Case studies 239 6.90 Close up view
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Table 6.2 Process steps and associa
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Case studies 243 9. Budtz-Jorgensen
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