R_Bibb_Medical_Modelling_The_Application_of_Adv.pdf

262 Medical modelling
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6.17 Research applications case study 3: Recreating
skin texture relief using computer-aided design
and rapid prototyping
6.17.1 Acknowledgements
The work described in this case study was written by Dominic Eggbeer,
Peter Evans and Richard Bibb as part of the long-term collaboration
between the National Centre for Product Design & Development Research,
University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK and the Maxillofacial Unit,
Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.
6.17.2 Introduction
Maxillofacial prosthetists and technologists (MPTs) seek to meet the needs
of patients with various degrees of facial deformity by restoring aesthetic
and functional portions of missing tissue using artifi cial materials. Prosthetic
restoration of lost tissue precedes surgical reconstruction and, despite
recent advances in surgery, many cases remain where prosthetic rehabilitation
is a more appropriate treatment (1). Patients typically suffer from
conditions resulting from traumatic injury (such as road traffi c accidents),
congenital deformity or diseases that cause signifi cant tissue damage such
as cancer.
Factors that contribute to the aesthetic success of prostheses include skin
colour match, appropriate contours and realistic texture (2). The MPTs who
create the prostheses attempt to address these factors, which are conventionally
assessed by eye and carved by hand in wax on a plaster replica of