R_Bibb_Medical_Modelling_The_Application_of_Adv.pdf

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6.59 SLA implant on SLA model of defect. Case studies 191 enables everything to be archived on disk instead of models and casts that require extensive storage space and may suffer damage or degradation over time. The process as a whole is clean and requires minimal fl oor space, equipment and consumables. The utilisation of the prosthetists’ time and skills can be maximised. This combination of advantages could lead to signifi cant improvements in treatment times and cost effectiveness. The fi nal element in this process will be realised when directly implantable or tissue engineered materials are developed for use with computercontrolled manufacturing using processes such as stereolithography or Envision Technologies Bioplotter (EnvisionTEC GmbH, Elbestrasse 10, D-45768 Marl, Germany). When this is possible, the combination of the prosthetists’ skill, the freeform CAD and direct build machine would effectively replace the laboratory. This will reduce the design and fabrication time of typical implants to a matter of hours or even minutes. Although this stage is some years away, the developments will be made and the prosthetics industry will be reaping the advantages currently being enjoyed in product development. An estimate of potential cost and time saving is indicated in Table 6.1.
192 Medical modelling Table 6.1 Comparison of current technique and potential future technique Current technique Future technique Three-dimensional CT scan Three-dimensional CT scan Send data to RP service provider 1 day £5 Derive three-dimensional CAD data 5 minutes Minimal Derive three-dimensional CAD data 5 minutes Minimal Import into FreeForm 5 minutes Minimal from CT data Derive RP fi les from CAD data 1 hour £22 Design implant 1 hour £22 Build RP model of anatomy 1 day £1000 Direct manufacture of implant 2 hours £200 Post model to prosthetist 1 day £18 Sterilise for surgery Prosthetist wax up on model Create plaster mould 1 day £250 Cast implant Sterilise for surgery Total 4 days £1295 Total 3 hours £222
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Medical modelling
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Medical modelling The application o
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Contents Preface ix Acknowledgement
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Contents vii 6.10 Rehabilitation ap
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x Preface Therefore, it is hoped th
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1.1 Background 1 Introduction The p
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Introduction 3 Whilst this book is
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Long axis 1.1 The anatomical positi
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Introduction 7 1.3 The major refere
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Medical imaging for rapid prototypi
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2.2.3 Anatomical coverage Medical i
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2.6 X-ray scatter artefact in a CT
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2.9 Close up of noise. Medical imag
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2.12 Smooth data. Medical imaging f
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1 Medical imaging for rapid prototy
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Export data format and media 33 (NE
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3.3 Media Export data format and me
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4.1 Pixel data operations 4 Working
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4.3 Effect of a high threshold. 4.4
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Working with medical scan data 41 4
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Working with medical scan data 45 S
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4.4 Two-dimensional formats Working
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Working with medical scan data 51 I
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4.18 Close up view showing facets.
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5.1 Background to rapid prototyping
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Physical reproduction 61 developing
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Physical reproduction 63 will displ
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Physical reproduction 65 As there i
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Physical reproduction 67 However, t
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Data quality Physical reproduction
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Physical reproduction 71 In some ca
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Physical reproduction 73 Overhangin
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Physical reproduction 75 5.10 SL mo
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Physical reproduction 77 5.12 Selec
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5.13 A Perfactory ® model of a man
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5.15 FDM TM model of the mandible.
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Table 5.3 Advantages and disadvanta
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Physical reproduction 85 In medical
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Table 5.5 Advantages and disadvanta
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5.7 Jetting head technology 5.7.1 P
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5.23 ThermoJet ® model of the mand
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5.24 LOM TM model of the mandible.
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5.26 LOM TM model of a partial face
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6 Case studies The following case s
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IMPLEMENTATION 6.1 Implementation c
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Post model Hospital department Pati
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Case studies 103 When using this so
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Case studies 105 (Mimics). Image ma
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Case studies 107 full co-operation
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Case studies 109 communication and
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• to achieve patient’s agreemen
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6.2.4 Rapid prototyping technologie
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Case studies 115 not be suitable. A
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Case studies 117 scale of the data
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6.7 SL model with signifi cant stai
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Case studies 121 6.9a Smooth surfac
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Case studies 123 slice editing of t
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Case studies 125 6.12 Removal of bo
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Case studies 127 18. Williams R J,
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Case studies 129 and passing throug
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Case studies 131 6.14 The effect of
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Case studies 133 6.18 The block ove
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Case studies 135 create template (3
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6.4.3 Materials and methods Case st
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6.22 Resected bone compared to SLA
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Page 156 and 157: Case studies 143 multi-plane reform
Page 158 and 159: Case studies 145 6.25 The custom ti
Page 160 and 161: Case studies 147 6.28 Plain radiogr
Page 162 and 163: Case studies 149 reproduction of ex
Page 164 and 165: Case studies 151 manner. The softwa
Page 166 and 167: Case studies 153 surface on which t
Page 168 and 169: 6.33 The guide being fi tted to the
Page 170 and 171: Case studies 157 The more fundament
Page 172 and 173: Case studies 159 25. Sarment D P, A
Page 174 and 175: 6.37 Stereolithography models. 6.38
Page 176 and 177: Case studies 163 6.41 Merged pre- a
Page 178 and 179: REHABILITATION APPLICATIONS 6.8 Reh
Page 180 and 181: 6.8.3 Methods Preliminary trial of
Page 182 and 183: Case studies 169 prototyping system
Page 184 and 185: Case studies 171 The aperture for t
Page 186 and 187: Case studies 173 7. Manners C R (19
Page 188 and 189: Case studies 175 during the acquisi
Page 190 and 191: 6.46 Smoothing the data (exaggerate
Page 192 and 193: 6.49 Plaster fi lled SL mould. Case
Page 194 and 195: Case studies 181 diffi cult for hos
Page 196 and 197: Case studies 183 extremely diffi cu
Page 198 and 199: Case studies 185 back as shown in F
Page 200 and 201: 6.54 The result of the Boolean subt
Page 202 and 203: 6.56 The SLA model of the plate. Ca
Page 206 and 207: Case studies 193 In the near future
Page 208 and 209: Case studies 195 anatomical forms a
Page 210 and 211: Case studies 197 Establishing the c
Page 212 and 213: Case studies 199 6.63 The rough (a)
Page 214 and 215: Case studies 201 The fi nal prosthe
Page 216 and 217: Case studies 203 grating the techno
Page 218 and 219: Case studies 205 6.12 Rehabilitatio
Page 220 and 221: Case studies 207 • Data capture N
Page 222 and 223: Case studies 209 placement of two i
Page 224 and 225: Case studies 211 technique that has
Page 226 and 227: Case studies 213 6.72 The bar locat
Page 228 and 229: Case studies 215 Stereolithography
Page 230 and 231: Case studies 217 authors intend to
Page 232 and 233: Case studies 219 17. Kau C H, Zhuro
Page 234 and 235: Case studies 221 310, Sainte-Foy, Q
Page 236 and 237: 6.77a The physically surveyed cast.
Page 238 and 239: Creation of relief Case studies 225
Page 240 and 241: 6.81 Construction curves. Case stud
Page 242 and 243: 6.83 The support structure in 3D Li
Page 244 and 245: Finishing Case studies 231 The cast
Page 246 and 247: Case studies 233 6.14 Rehabilitatio
Page 248 and 249: 6.86 The RPD framework designed in
Page 250 and 251: Second experiment Case studies 237
Page 252 and 253: Case studies 239 6.90 Close up view
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Table 6.2 Process steps and associa
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Case studies 243 9. Budtz-Jorgensen
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Case studies 245 micro-computed tom
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Case studies 247 supports became av
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Case studies 249 However, the probl
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6.96 Model of one of the samples su
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6.15.9 Reference Case studies 253 1
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Case studies 255 mummies. Mimics so
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Case studies 257 6.101 3D reconstru
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Case studies 259 6.103 The stages o
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6.16.5 Conclusions Case studies 261
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Case studies 263 the patient’s de
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Case studies 265 and sharp radii re
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Suitable technologies identifi ed C
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Case studies 269 6.107 A close-up p
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6.110 The selected region of facial
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Case studies 273 patterns were buil
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Case studies 275 7. Cheah C M, Chua
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Future developments 277 slices to b
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Future developments 279 ments that
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Glossary and explanatory notes 281
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Glossary and explanatory notes 283
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Further reading on anatomy Last’s
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Fundamentals of Facial Prosthetics
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Rapid Prototyping and Tooling Resea
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Contacts 3D Systems 26081 Avenue Ha
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Marcam Engineering GmbH Fahrenheits
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3D Lightyear TM 229, 247, 249-51, 2
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Removable Partial Denture 219-20, 2
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4.10 A three-dimensional shaded ima
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6.41 Merged pre- and post-operative
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