Ikelic - Alliance Digital Repository

STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS (UnderUne denotes changes since June 1994)
COMMERCIAL AND R&D PROJECTS (Continued)
The plant, which is designed to produce 40.600 cubic meters of synthetic gas per hour, is expected to operate for about 4 years
using a different kind of coal. The gasifier is an air blown, two stage entrained flow type with a dry-feeding system.
Target for technical development is to develop a 250 megawatt demonstration plant by the year 2000 that has a net thermal ef
ficiency greater than 43 percent and better operability than pulverized coal-fired existing plants.
NEDOL BITUMINOUS COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS - New Energy Development Organization (NEDO) (C-410)
Basic research on coal liquefaction was started in Japan when the Sunshine project was inaugurated in 1974, just after the first oil
crisis in 1973. NEDO assumed the responsibility for development and commercialization of coal liquefaction and gasification tech
nology. NEDO maintains a continuing high level of investment for coal liquefaction R&D, involving two large pilot plants. The
construction of a 50 tons per day brown coal liquefaction plant was completed in December 1986 in Australia, and a 150 tons per
day bituminous coal liquefaction plant is under construction in Japan.
The pilot plant in Australia which was operated in the project entitled "Victoria Brown Coal Liquefaction Project."
The properties
of brown coal and bituminous coal are so different that different processes must be developed for each to achieve optimal utiliza
tion. Therefore, NEDO has also been developing a process to liquefy sub-bituminous and low grade bituminous coals. NEDO had
been operating three process development units (PDUs) utilizing three different concepts for bituminous coal liquefaction: solvent
extraction, direct liquefaction, and solvolysis liquefaction. These three processes have been integrated into a single new process, so
called NEDOL Process, and NEDO has intended to construct a 150 tons per day pilot plant.
In the proposed pilot plant, bituminous coal will be liquefied in the presence of activated iron catalysts. Synthetic iron sulfide or
iron dust will be used as catalysts. The heavy fraction (-538 degrees C) from the vacuum tower will be hydrotreated at about
350 degrees C and 100-150 atm in the presence of catalysts to produce hydrotreated solvent for recycle.
products will be light oil. Residue-containing ash will be separated by vacuum distillation.
Consequently, the major
Construction of the new pilot plant is underway. It is expected that the pilot plant will start operation in 1996.
Project Cost: 70 billion yen, not including the supporting research
- P-CIG PROCESS Interproject
Service AB (Sweden) and Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan (C-455)
The Pressurized-Coal Iron Gasification process (P-CIG) is based on the injection of pulverized coal and oxygen into an iron melt at
overatmospheric pressure. The development started at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in the beginning of the
1970s with the nonpressurized CIG Process. Over the years work had been done on ironmaking, coal gasification and ferroalloy
production in laboratory and pilot plant scale.
In 1984, Interproject Service AB of Sweden and Nippon Steel Corporation of Japan signed an agreement to develop the P-CIG
Process in pilot plant scale. The pilot plant system was built at the Metallurgical Research Station in Lulea, Sweden. The P-CIG
Process utilizes the bottom blowing process for injection of coal and oxygen in the iron melt. The first tests started in 1985 and
several test campaigns were carried out through 1986. The results were then used for the design of a demonstration plant with a
gasification capacity of 500 tons of coal per day.
According to project sponsors, the P-CIG Process is highly suitable for integration with combined cycle electric power generation.
This application might be of special interest for the future in Sweden.
For the 500 tons of coal per day demonstration plant design, the gasification system consisted of a reactor with a charge weight of
40 tons of iron. Twenty-two tons of raw coal per hour would be crushed, dried and mixed with five tons of flux and injected
together with 9,000 cubic meters of oxygen gas.
- PINON PINE IGCC POWERPLANT Sierra
Pacific Power Company, M.W. Kellogg Company (C-458)
Sierra Pacific Power Company is planning to build an 80 MW integrated gasification combined cycle plant at its Tracy Powerplant
site, east of Reno, Nevada. The plant will incorporate an air-blown KRW fluidized bed gasifier producing a low-BTU gas for the
combined cycle powerplant.
Dried and crushed coal is introduced into a pressurized, air-blown, fluidized-bed gasifier through a lockhopper system. The bed is
fluidized by the injection of air and steam through special nozzles into the combustion zone. Crushed limestone is added to the
gasifier to capture a portion of the sulfur introduced with the coal as well as to inhibit conversion of fuel nitrogen to ammonia. The
sulfur reacts with the limestone to form calcium sulfide which, after oxidation, exits along with the coal ash in the form of ag
glomerated particles suitable for landfill.
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SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUARY 1995