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OIL SANDS 12.0 million m3/yr level of SCO production with an expansion to 15.0 million m3/yr in 1998. To achieve this higher level of production over the requested project duration would require addi tional oH sands mining areas beyond those described by Syncrude in previous applications to the Board. Syncrude was therefore seeking approval for additional mining areas within the approved project boundary (Figure 1). Bitumen supply profiles in the application also identified some bitumen from sources other than the cur rent Syncrude mine. Syncrude did not, however, request approval for specific off-lease sources at this time. Atmospheric Emissions Syncrude provided estimates of the mass of at mospheric emissions resulting from its Mildred Lake operations. The specific emissions that were identified include sulfur dioxide (S02), car bon dioxide (COJ, oxides of nitrogen NOx), hydrogen sulfide (HS), particulates (including heavy metals), and hydrocarbons Including Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Table 1 summarizes Syncrude's evidence regard ing the actual and predicted emissions from its facility for some of the major pollutants that are released on a continuous basis from the main stack. Syncrude also acknowledged that indirect emis sions from on-site and off-site generation of electricity used for its project would add in the order of 640 tonnes of per C02 day for the 10.0 million m3/yr design case and 778 tonnes per day for the 12.6 million m3/yr case. Syncrude acknowledged that the diverter stacks and flare stacks emit S02, HS, particulates, and other emissions on an intermittent basis and can contribute significant volumes during individual flaring and diverting events. Current use of the diverter stacks appears to occasionally result in off-site odors and exceedances of ambient air quality objectives, but Syncrude argued that this would not become any development proposal. worse with its staged 34 Health Impacts Syncrude commissioned a study which at tempted to evaluate the potential health risks to people living in Fort McKay and Fort McMurray as a result of exposure to only atmospheric emis sions from the Syncrude facility (i.e., excluding other sources, including Suncor emissions). The study considered potential risks from both longand short-term exposures based on predicted average and 1-hour maximum emission levels. In both cases the study attempted to determine whether the predicted level of exposure would exceed a level believed to produce a measurable hearth effect (the exposure limit). The study found that none of the predicted long-term ex posures resulting from the Syncrude emissions alone were greater than the accepted exposure limits. Reclamation Syncrude's application requested approval by the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) of its lease development and reclamation plans with specific reference to plans for the fine tails reclamation. Syncrude argued the Oil Sands Conservation Act provided the Board with clear jurisdiction to deal with reclamation matters in the context of an oil sands mining operation. Syncrude argued that, based on its research and development work, it was satisfied that it could reclaim its accumulated volume of fine tails in an environmentally acceptable manner. It also con cluded, however, that there was no single ap proach available to manage the fine tails volumes that was technically, environmentally, and economically acceptable. Syncrude believed that the optimal approach should integrate volume management techniques with water cap ping of fine tails (water-capped fine tails) as the preferred reclamation approach. To carry out the water-capped technique, mature fine tails would be placed into the mined-out pit. A layer of capping water would then be placed on top of the fine tails to form a fresh water lake. The capping layer would be of sufficient depth to THE SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUARY 1995
OIL SANDS SOURCE: ERCB FIGURE 1 SYNCRUDE OIL SANDS PROJECTMILDRED LAKE AREA I FGEND R.12 R.11 R.10 W.4M. Approved Mine Outline Proposed Mine Outline Approved Woste Areos Proposed Woste Areos 3-5 Approved Project Area Proposed Project Areo Approved Tailings Areos Proposed Tailings Areos T.94 T.92 T.91 THE SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUARY 1995
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OIL SHALE COAL OIL SANDS NATURAL GA
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THE SINOR SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT is
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INTERNATIONAL Oil Shale to Play Rol
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project AcnvrriES Shell MDS Product
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Amoco Primrose Lake Project Gets Gr
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Construction Begins on TECO's Polk
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GENERAL be even more cost-effective
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GENERAL assumed to occur, the suppl
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GENERAL nfflcant implications for a
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GENERAL needs in the next century.
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GENERAL IGT oxygen-blown system bas
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GENERAL VERMONT BIOMASS GASIFIER WI
Page 26 and 27: GENERAL 50 megawatts; 2) basing the
Page 28 and 29: GENERAL in the amount of nitrogen i
Page 30 and 31: COMING EVENTS JUNE 19-21 , CALGARY,
Page 32 and 33: OIL SHALE A December 1994 stock ana
Page 34 and 35: OIL SHALE FIGURE 2 HRS PILOT PLANT
Page 36 and 37: OIL SHALE 200 g 150 v a i a 100 10
Page 38 and 39: OIL SHALE the company. Earlier in 1
Page 40 and 41: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 ECONOMICS OF A 10
Page 42 and 43: OIL SHALE 3.8-centimeter diameter f
Page 44 and 45: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 ADSORPTION (MOL%)
Page 46 and 47: OIL SHALE UJ oc o CD 2 > CC tu > o
Page 48 and 49: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 OIL SHALE RF HEAT
Page 50 and 51: OIL SHALE , FIGURE 1 MAP OF MAIN OI
Page 52 and 53: OIL SHALE Timahdit TABLE 1 RESERVE
Page 54 and 55: OIL SHALE 2-24 THE SYNTHETIC FUELS
Page 56 and 57: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS (Under
Page 70 and 71: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS COMPLE
Page 72 and 73: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS INDEX
Page 74 and 75: OIL SANDS The company said the larg
Page 78 and 79: OIL SANDS TABLE 1 ACTUAL AND PREDIC
Page 80 and 81: 0/L SANDS phalt Ridge, near Vernal,
Page 82 and 83: OIL SANDS ENERGY POLICY & FORECASTS
Page 84 and 85: OIL SANDS Reservoir/ Bitumen Proper
Page 86 and 87: OIL SANDS proved environmental miti
Page 88 and 89: OIL SANDS timized combination of th
Page 90 and 91: OIL SANDS Chakrabarty and Longo pre
Page 92 and 93: OIL SANDS Contents, Wt% of Tar Sand
Page 94 and 95: OIL SANDS results In increased poll
Page 96 and 97: OIL SANDS West Newport, USA at 33 y
Page 98 and 99: OIL SANDS was shown that the volume
Page 100 and 101: OIL SANDS FIGURE 1 LOCATION OF THE
Page 102 and 103: OIL SANDS As compared to SI, ISC re
Page 104 and 105: OIL SANDS 3-32 THE SYNTHETIC FUELS
Page 106 and 107: STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS (Under
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STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS (Under
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STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS COMPLE
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STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS COMPLE
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STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS INDEX
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3-62 SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUAR
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COAL Removing that moisture is the
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COAL - NOx production: lower than 7
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COAL lav eotl ii - l! FIGURE 1 NEDO
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COAL Another one-third of the site
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COAL v.v C SOURCE: DOE Solid Waste
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COAL Re* Cetl In Flrod Heater Exeha
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COAL Proximate Analysis SYNCOAL QUA
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COAL CORPORATIONS SASOL MADE MAJOR
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COAL Unlike traditional ethylene ol
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COAL SOURCE: IGT IGT is actively pa
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COAL ENERGY POLICY & FORECASTS CHIN
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COAL utilities are prepared to inst
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COAL be maintained on a sustainable
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COAL associated techno-economic stu
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COAL centrate has the highest solub
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COAL producing 250 million standard
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COAL a final feasibility study into
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COAL Process Description In the HYC
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COAL tribute to the economical util
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COAL selected power generation, C02
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COAL Some similar solvents are alre
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COAL Cofiring MGP Wastes In Utility
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COAL uuc stomace TANKS SOURCE: HATT
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS (Underline
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Project Sponsors COMPLETED AND SUSP
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS COMPLETED A
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS INDEX OF CO
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS INDEX OF CO
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NATURAL GAS regulations of the Cali
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NATURAL GAS The South African Parli
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NATURAL GAS The BNL process employs
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NATURAL GAS produce the radicals In
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NATURAL GAS 5-10 THE SYNTHETIC FUEL
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STATUS OF NATURAL GAS PROJECTS (Und
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