Ikelic - Alliance Digital Repository

More documents

Recommendations

Info

OIL SHALE FIGURE 2 HRS PILOT PLANT USED TO DEMONSTRATE THE DECOMPOSITION OF SODIUM NITRATE SOURCE: LLNL Other Waste Treatment Applications of the HRS Process The DOE is in the process of dismantling a large fraction of the nation's nuclear stockpile. One 2-4 waste component from the dismantlement effort is chemical high explosives. The current method for disposing of high explosives is by open burn ing and open detonation. Regulatory agencies may soon greatly restrict or eliminate open burn- THE SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUARY 1995
OIL SHALE ing and open detonation as ways to dispose of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics (also called PEPs). The DOE uses primarily plastic bonded explosives, or PBX for short. Although much of this material--as much as 90 percent-may be sold to industry, a certain amount will have to be destroyed. (Many other materials, such as solvents and wipes that come into contact with the high explosives, become classified as hazardous waste and will also have to be destroyed.) Some high explosives can be pretreated with sodium hydroxide in a process called base (or alkaline) hydrolysis. This process destroys that material's explosive nature, but the resulting liquid and gaseous products are still haz ardous and thus require additional treatment. New regulations require the military to examine the life-cycle of any new PEP developed. The Army is currently evaluating disposal methods for a new liquid gun propellant, LP XM46, which is used as a conventional propellant for field ar tillery. This material is a mixture of hydroxylam- monium nitrate and triethanolammonium nitrate in 20 percent water. Liquid gun propellant is not detonaole, and once diluted in a ratio of 1 to 3 with water, it is neither explosive nor flammable. Nevertheless, the material is chemically hazard ous and a suitable method, other than incinera tion, is needed to dispose of the liquid material. LLNL is exploring the use of the HRS process with hot ceramic spheres to destroy liquid gun propellant and the products from base hydrolysis of high explosives as an alternative to open burn ing and incineration. Runs have been completed with each of the two materials in the modified HRS pilot plant to determine the gas products, condensable liquids, and solid products of decomposition. #### STUDIES UNDER WAY ON COCOMBUSTION OF OIL SHALE AND MUNICIPAL WASTE H. McCarthy and R. Ciayson of Synfuels En gineering and Development, Inc. have proposed 2-5 a process that mixes and burns municipal solid waste and crushed calciferous oil shale to gener ate electricity and minimize emission of acid gases. The resulting cementitious ash would be environmentally benign for waste disposal and may be suitable for the manufacture of construc tion materials such as lightweight concrete. Their proposal won a funding grant of $95,000 from the U.S. Department of Energy. Tests will be carried out at the Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center located at Brigham Young University in Utah. There are numerous plants that burn Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) as a fuel for generating electricity. Analysts anticipate that several dozen more such plants will be operational within the next few years (Figure 1). In order to meet air quality requirements, these plants (as well as most coal-fired powerplants) sive pollution control equipment. must have expen In the past few years, it has been demonstrated that fluidized-bed combustors can be effectively used for power generation in coal-fired powerplants. As a result, several fluidized-bed coal-fired powerplants operate with a satisfactory level of performance. In such plants, crushed limestone in the fluidized bed adsorbs sulfur com pounds, obviating the need for much of the ex pensive stack gas cleanup fired powerplants normally require. equipment that coal- Based on limited laboratory work and engineer ing analysis the inventors say that "Combustion of Municipal Solid Wastes with Oil Shale in a Cir culating Fluidized Bed" appears to be a techni cally acceptable process that economically util izes the energy of oil shale and reduces the cost of pollution control equipment in an MSW-fired powerplant. The inventors' process mixes and bums roughly 75 percent MSW and 25 percent crushed oil shale in a fluidized-bed boiler to generate electricity. The resulting ash from the process will have cement-like properties which may make it suitable for the manufacture of some construc tion materials. The ash can also be mixed with THE SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUARY 1995
Page 1: OIL SHALE COAL OIL SANDS NATURAL GA
Page 4 and 5: THE SINOR SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT is
Page 6 and 7: INTERNATIONAL Oil Shale to Play Rol
Page 8 and 9: project AcnvrriES Shell MDS Product
Page 10 and 11: Amoco Primrose Lake Project Gets Gr
Page 12 and 13: Construction Begins on TECO's Polk
Page 14 and 15: GENERAL be even more cost-effective
Page 16 and 17: GENERAL assumed to occur, the suppl
Page 18 and 19: GENERAL nfflcant implications for a
Page 20 and 21: GENERAL needs in the next century.
Page 22 and 23: GENERAL IGT oxygen-blown system bas
Page 24 and 25: GENERAL VERMONT BIOMASS GASIFIER WI
Page 26 and 27: GENERAL 50 megawatts; 2) basing the
Page 28 and 29: GENERAL in the amount of nitrogen i
Page 30 and 31: COMING EVENTS JUNE 19-21 , CALGARY,
Page 32 and 33: OIL SHALE A December 1994 stock ana
Page 36 and 37: OIL SHALE 200 g 150 v a i a 100 10
Page 38 and 39: OIL SHALE the company. Earlier in 1
Page 40 and 41: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 ECONOMICS OF A 10
Page 42 and 43: OIL SHALE 3.8-centimeter diameter f
Page 44 and 45: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 ADSORPTION (MOL%)
Page 46 and 47: OIL SHALE UJ oc o CD 2 > CC tu > o
Page 48 and 49: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 OIL SHALE RF HEAT
Page 50 and 51: OIL SHALE , FIGURE 1 MAP OF MAIN OI
Page 52 and 53: OIL SHALE Timahdit TABLE 1 RESERVE
Page 54 and 55: OIL SHALE 2-24 THE SYNTHETIC FUELS
Page 56 and 57: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS (Under
Page 70 and 71: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS COMPLE
Page 72 and 73: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS INDEX
Page 74 and 75: OIL SANDS The company said the larg
Page 76 and 77: OIL SANDS 12.0 million m3/yr level
Page 78 and 79: OIL SANDS TABLE 1 ACTUAL AND PREDIC
Page 80 and 81: 0/L SANDS phalt Ridge, near Vernal,
Page 82 and 83: OIL SANDS ENERGY POLICY & FORECASTS
Page 84 and 85:
OIL SANDS Reservoir/ Bitumen Proper
Page 86 and 87:
OIL SANDS proved environmental miti
Page 88 and 89:
OIL SANDS timized combination of th
Page 90 and 91:
OIL SANDS Chakrabarty and Longo pre
Page 92 and 93:
OIL SANDS Contents, Wt% of Tar Sand
Page 94 and 95:
OIL SANDS results In increased poll
Page 96 and 97:
OIL SANDS West Newport, USA at 33 y
Page 98 and 99:
OIL SANDS was shown that the volume
Page 100 and 101:
OIL SANDS FIGURE 1 LOCATION OF THE
Page 102 and 103:
OIL SANDS As compared to SI, ISC re
Page 104 and 105:
OIL SANDS 3-32 THE SYNTHETIC FUELS
Page 106 and 107:
STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS (Under
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS COMPLE
Page 130 and 131:
STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS COMPLE
Page 132 and 133:
STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS INDEX
Page 134 and 135:
3-62 SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUAR
Page 136 and 137:
COAL Removing that moisture is the
Page 138 and 139:
COAL - NOx production: lower than 7
Page 140 and 141:
COAL lav eotl ii - l! FIGURE 1 NEDO
Page 142 and 143:
COAL Another one-third of the site
Page 144 and 145:
COAL v.v C SOURCE: DOE Solid Waste
Page 146 and 147:
COAL Re* Cetl In Flrod Heater Exeha
Page 148 and 149:
COAL Proximate Analysis SYNCOAL QUA
Page 150 and 151:
COAL CORPORATIONS SASOL MADE MAJOR
Page 152 and 153:
COAL Unlike traditional ethylene ol
Page 154 and 155:
COAL SOURCE: IGT IGT is actively pa
Page 156 and 157:
COAL ENERGY POLICY & FORECASTS CHIN
Page 158 and 159:
COAL utilities are prepared to inst
Page 160 and 161:
COAL be maintained on a sustainable
Page 162 and 163:
COAL associated techno-economic stu
Page 164 and 165:
COAL centrate has the highest solub
Page 166 and 167:
COAL producing 250 million standard
Page 168 and 169:
COAL a final feasibility study into
Page 170 and 171:
COAL Process Description In the HYC
Page 172 and 173:
COAL tribute to the economical util
Page 174 and 175:
COAL selected power generation, C02
Page 176 and 177:
COAL Some similar solvents are alre
Page 178 and 179:
COAL Cofiring MGP Wastes In Utility
Page 180 and 181:
COAL uuc stomace TANKS SOURCE: HATT
Page 182 and 183:
STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS (Underline
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Project Sponsors COMPLETED AND SUSP
Page 216 and 217:
STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS COMPLETED A
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS INDEX OF CO
Page 230 and 231:
STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS INDEX OF CO
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
NATURAL GAS regulations of the Cali
Page 236 and 237:
NATURAL GAS The South African Parli
Page 238 and 239:
NATURAL GAS The BNL process employs
Page 240 and 241:
NATURAL GAS produce the radicals In
Page 242 and 243:
NATURAL GAS 5-10 THE SYNTHETIC FUEL
Page 244 and 245:
STATUS OF NATURAL GAS PROJECTS (Und
Page 246:
show all

Ikelic - Alliance Digital Repository

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?