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OIL SANDS Contents, Wt% of Tar Sands Bitumen Water Solid Bitumen Properties Elemental Analysis, Wt% Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Nitrogen Oxygen C/H Molal Ratio Hydrocarbon Group, Wt% Saturate Aromatic Resins Asphaltenes Distillation Temperature, C Initial Boiling Point 5Vol% 10Vol% 20Vol% 30Vol% 50Vol%
OIL SANDS In addition to using these natural bitumens to ob tain hydrocarbons, they also can be used as a high quality source for chemicals for the electrotechnical industry, lacquer industry, road building, extraction of vanadium, nickel and other accompanying components, etc. The develop ment of natural bitumens in the future would make it possible to reduce the volume of oil needed for the production of technical bitumens. #### PROSPECTING FOR BITUMEN IN MONGOUA COULD BE PROFITABLE A perspective on the Mongolia energy situation was provided by V. Isayev of Irkutsk State Univer sity, Russia, at the International Conference on Problems of Complex Development and Produc tion of Hard-Accessible Oils and Natural Bitumens held in Kazan, Tatarstan in October 1994. According to Isayev, the Mongolia energy economy is based on coal. That is why they con sider the prospecting for, and exploitation of, oil deposits to be the most important economic, energy and environmental problem. The first (and to date, only) deposit of highly vis cous oils was discovered by Soviet geologists in the 1950s in the Eastern Gobi. Heavy, resinous oils occur at depths of over 1,000 meters. A sample of oil selected by the author at the Dzun- Bayan oil deposit has the following characteris tics: - Kinematic - Resin - Asphaltene - Hard Density 0.885 viscosity 46.7 millimeters per second at 50C content 20.75 percent content 1 .37 percent paraffins content 22.43 percent 3-21 - Sulfur Prospecting content 0.3 percent for new occurrences of these oils must be carried out at greater depths. The development of these occurrences will then take place by injection of steam for lowering the vis cosity. This will increase the completeness of oil extraction from the layer. Isayev believes that, for the present economic situation of Mongolia, a more profitable course would be the study and exploitation of natural bitumen occurrences which are not deeply buried or which outcrop on the earth's surface and do not require large expenditures for prospecting. Bitumen sands at Bayan-Erchet and Dzun-Bayan were examined by an Irkutsk University expedi tion. They contain 13-16 percent bitumen, in which 24-36 percent are hydrocarbons. The bitumens contain 7.4 to 8.5 percent heavy paraf fins. Elemental composition of bitumen shows carbon = 84.3 to 85.8 percent, and hydrogen 11.7 percent. The exploitation of the occurrences is possible by opencast mining methods. After the extraction of hydrocarbons, the remainder is useful for production of road as phalt and bitumen for construction materials. Isayev says there are all the necessary geological conditions for the discovery of new occurrences in Mongolia. Modern technologies for develop ing the heavy oil accumulations and natural bitumen would allow Mongolia to create its own base of hydrocarbon raw materials. #### ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS SEEN FOR BITUMEN DEPOSITS OF TATARSTAN At an international conference held in Kazan, Tatarstan in October, a paper by B. Anisimov et al. of TatNIPIneft Institute, Bugulma, Tatarstan, states that the development of bitumen deposits compared with oil reservoirs THE SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUARY 1995
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OIL SHALE COAL OIL SANDS NATURAL GA
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THE SINOR SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT is
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INTERNATIONAL Oil Shale to Play Rol
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project AcnvrriES Shell MDS Product
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Amoco Primrose Lake Project Gets Gr
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Construction Begins on TECO's Polk
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GENERAL be even more cost-effective
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GENERAL assumed to occur, the suppl
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GENERAL nfflcant implications for a
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GENERAL needs in the next century.
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GENERAL IGT oxygen-blown system bas
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GENERAL VERMONT BIOMASS GASIFIER WI
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GENERAL 50 megawatts; 2) basing the
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GENERAL in the amount of nitrogen i
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COMING EVENTS JUNE 19-21 , CALGARY,
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OIL SHALE A December 1994 stock ana
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OIL SHALE FIGURE 2 HRS PILOT PLANT
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OIL SHALE 200 g 150 v a i a 100 10
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OIL SHALE the company. Earlier in 1
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OIL SHALE TABLE 1 ECONOMICS OF A 10
Page 42 and 43: OIL SHALE 3.8-centimeter diameter f
Page 44 and 45: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 ADSORPTION (MOL%)
Page 46 and 47: OIL SHALE UJ oc o CD 2 > CC tu > o
Page 48 and 49: OIL SHALE TABLE 1 OIL SHALE RF HEAT
Page 50 and 51: OIL SHALE , FIGURE 1 MAP OF MAIN OI
Page 52 and 53: OIL SHALE Timahdit TABLE 1 RESERVE
Page 54 and 55: OIL SHALE 2-24 THE SYNTHETIC FUELS
Page 56 and 57: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS (Under
Page 70 and 71: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS COMPLE
Page 72 and 73: STATUS OF OIL SHALE PROJECTS INDEX
Page 74 and 75: OIL SANDS The company said the larg
Page 76 and 77: OIL SANDS 12.0 million m3/yr level
Page 78 and 79: OIL SANDS TABLE 1 ACTUAL AND PREDIC
Page 80 and 81: 0/L SANDS phalt Ridge, near Vernal,
Page 82 and 83: OIL SANDS ENERGY POLICY & FORECASTS
Page 84 and 85: OIL SANDS Reservoir/ Bitumen Proper
Page 86 and 87: OIL SANDS proved environmental miti
Page 88 and 89: OIL SANDS timized combination of th
Page 90 and 91: OIL SANDS Chakrabarty and Longo pre
Page 94 and 95: OIL SANDS results In increased poll
Page 96 and 97: OIL SANDS West Newport, USA at 33 y
Page 98 and 99: OIL SANDS was shown that the volume
Page 100 and 101: OIL SANDS FIGURE 1 LOCATION OF THE
Page 102 and 103: OIL SANDS As compared to SI, ISC re
Page 104 and 105: OIL SANDS 3-32 THE SYNTHETIC FUELS
Page 106 and 107: STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS (Under
Page 128 and 129: STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS COMPLE
Page 130 and 131: STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS COMPLE
Page 132 and 133: STATUS OF OIL SANDS PROJECTS INDEX
Page 134 and 135: 3-62 SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUAR
Page 136 and 137: COAL Removing that moisture is the
Page 138 and 139: COAL - NOx production: lower than 7
Page 140 and 141: COAL lav eotl ii - l! FIGURE 1 NEDO
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COAL Another one-third of the site
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COAL v.v C SOURCE: DOE Solid Waste
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COAL Re* Cetl In Flrod Heater Exeha
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COAL Proximate Analysis SYNCOAL QUA
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COAL CORPORATIONS SASOL MADE MAJOR
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COAL Unlike traditional ethylene ol
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COAL SOURCE: IGT IGT is actively pa
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COAL ENERGY POLICY & FORECASTS CHIN
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COAL utilities are prepared to inst
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COAL be maintained on a sustainable
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COAL associated techno-economic stu
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COAL centrate has the highest solub
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COAL producing 250 million standard
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COAL a final feasibility study into
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COAL Process Description In the HYC
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COAL tribute to the economical util
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COAL selected power generation, C02
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COAL Some similar solvents are alre
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COAL Cofiring MGP Wastes In Utility
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COAL uuc stomace TANKS SOURCE: HATT
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS (Underline
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Project Sponsors COMPLETED AND SUSP
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS COMPLETED A
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS INDEX OF CO
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STATUS OF COAL PROJECTS INDEX OF CO
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4-98 SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUAR
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NATURAL GAS regulations of the Cali
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NATURAL GAS The South African Parli
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NATURAL GAS The BNL process employs
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NATURAL GAS produce the radicals In
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NATURAL GAS 5-10 THE SYNTHETIC FUEL
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STATUS OF NATURAL GAS PROJECTS (Und
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5-14 SYNTHETIC FUELS REPORT, JANUAR
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