Transportation energy data book: edition 23 - Oak Ridge National ...

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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests new vehicles to determine fuel economy ratings. The city and highway fuel economies that are posted on the windows of new vehicles are determined by testing the vehicle during these driving cycles. The driving cycles simulate the performance of an engine while driving in the city and on the highway. Once the urban cycle is completed, the engine is stopped, then started again for the 8.5 minute hot start cycle. Figure 4.3. Urban Driving Cycle Figure 4.4. Highway Driving Cycle Source: Code of Federal Regulations, 40CFR, "Subpart B - Fuel Economy Regulations for 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles - Test Procedures," July 1, 1988 edition, p. 676. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 4–29
4–30 The New York Test Cycle was developed in the 1970's in order to simulate driving in downtown congested areas. The Representative Number Five Test Cycle was developed recently to better represent actual on-road driving by combining modern urban and freeway driving. Figure 4.5. New York City Driving Cycle Figure 4.6. Representative Number Five Driving Cycle Source: Data obtained from Michael Wang, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 1997. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Tab
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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xxiv TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 Total OECD government-owned pet
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1-10 The share of petroleum importe
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1-12 Estimates of military expendit
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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1-16 Most of the petroleum imported
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1-18 Millions of Barrels per Day Th
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1-20 Pipelines accounted for two-th
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2-2 Petroleum accounted for 40% of
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2-4 The Energy Information Administ
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2-6 As data about alternative fuel
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2-8 The highway sector is by far th
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2-10 The use of diesel for off-high
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2-12 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
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2-14 Great care should be taken whe
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2-16 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
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2-20 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
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Page 68 and 69: 2-24 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
Page 70 and 71: 2-26 Great care should be taken whe
Page 72 and 73: Source Chapter 3 All Highway Vehicl
Page 74 and 75: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 78 and 79: The data on automobile and light tr
Page 82 and 83: The average age of automobiles was
Page 84 and 85: Using current registration data and
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 4 Light Vehicles and Charac
Page 92 and 93: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 94 and 95: Over one-quarter of autos sold in 2
Page 96 and 97: The sales-weighted fuel economy of
Page 98 and 99: Back in 1976 only 20% of new light
Page 100 and 101: The compact, midsize, and large aut
Page 102 and 103: The large car size class is the onl
Page 104 and 105: The sales-weighted wheelbase of new
Page 106 and 107: The number of franchised dealership
Page 108 and 109: The Corporate Average Fuel Economy
Page 110 and 111: Manufacturers of autos and light tr
Page 112 and 113: Consumers continue to demand gas gu
Page 114 and 115: Vehicle Table 4.23 Vehicle Specific
Page 116 and 117: Source: See Table 4.23. Figure 4.2.
Page 120 and 121: The US06 driving cycle was develope
Page 122 and 123: When comparing data between countri
Page 124 and 125: In 2001, the fatality rate for vehi
Page 126 and 127: For fatal crashes in 2001, sport-ut
Page 128 and 129: Source Chapter 5 Heavy Vehicles and
Page 130 and 131: Combination trucks include all truc
Page 132 and 133: Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
Page 134 and 135: As expected, most light trucks trav
Page 136 and 137: In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
Page 138 and 139: Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
Page 140 and 141: Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
Page 142 and 143: There are currently not many source
Page 144 and 145: 6-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
Page 146 and 147: 6-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
Page 148 and 149: 6-6 This list includes public and p
Page 150 and 151: 6-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
Page 152 and 153: 6-10 The relative efficiencies of s
Page 154 and 155: 6-12 In 1999 (the latest year for w
Page 156 and 157: 6-14 Table 6.10 Properties of Conve
Page 158 and 159: Source Chapter 7 Fleet Vehicles and
Page 160 and 161: According to these estimates of lig
Page 162 and 163: These data, which apply to domestic
Page 164 and 165: Table 7.6 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acq
Page 166 and 167: Source Chapter 8 Household Vehicles
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Vehicle-miles per capita have nearl
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Household vehicle ownership shows a
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Due to methodology improvements in
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In 2001 vehicle-miles traveled (vmt
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The average vehicle occupancy, calc
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The average annual miles per vehicl
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According to the U.S. Census data,
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Sales of bicycles with wheel sizes
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In 2001, 5% of walk trips and 8% of
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Personal-use vehicles are by far th
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Source Chapter 9 Nonhighway Modes S
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These data include all internationa
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In the early seventies, domestic wa
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The Interstate Commerce Commission
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The “other” category, which con
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The National Railroad Passenger Cor
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This table on transit rail operatio
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10-6 Though the cost of crude oil c
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10-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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10-10 Table 10.7 State Taxes on Mot
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10-12 At the end of 2001, only four
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10-14 In current dollars, import ca
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10-18 Knowing the number of employe
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11-2 The U. S. accounted for 23.0%
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11-4 Carbon dioxide emissions in 20
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11-6 Most U.S. transportation secto
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Source Chapter 12 Criteria Air Poll
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The transportation sector accounted
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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APPENDIX A SOURCES & METHODOLOGIES
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Highway energy use Automobiles Ener
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Trucks Eno Transportation Foundatio
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Medium/Heavy Trucks: DOT, FHWA, Hig
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Nonhighway energy use Air General A
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Water Freight: Total - DOE, EIA, Fu
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Pipeline The sum of natural gas, cr
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Rail Freight: AAR, Railroad Facts,
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Transit - APTA, 2003 Transit Fact B
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Automobiles Passenger Travel and En
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Intercity School Air Passenger-mile
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Automobiles Highway Passenger Mode
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Air Certificated air carriers Nonhi
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Truck Freight Mode Energy Intensiti
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Sales - Domestic and import totals
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Trucks less than 8,500 lbs (Classes
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Light Fleet Vehicle Population Flee
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Light trucks Business Bobit Publish
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B-2 Pounds (lb) Table B.1 Hydrogen
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B-4 Table B.4 Fuel Equivalents 1 mi
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B-6 Table B.7 Distance and Velocity
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B-8 FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table
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B-10 Table B.12 Fuel Efficiency Con
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B-12 Table B.14 Metric Units and Ab
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APPENDIX C MAPS TRANSPORTATION ENER
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Figure C1. Census Divisions and Reg
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Source: See Table C.2. Figure C.2.
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G-2 Alcohol - The family name of a
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G-4 Combination trucks - Consist of
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G-6 Energy capacity - Measured in k
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G-8 person living alone, two or mor
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G-10 M100 - 100% methanol. Medium t
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G-12 Poland, Portugal, Spain, Swede
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G-14 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil -
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G-16 Test weight - The weight setti
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Automobiles (continued) Average Age
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(Category LDT3) ...................
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Countries Petroleum Stocks of OECD
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Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel
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Heavy Trucks.......................
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FY Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitio
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Incentives State Ethanol Incentives
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Mile Automobile Operating Cost per
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Oil World Crude Oil Production, 196
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Powered Federal Exhaust Emission Ce
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New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 p
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Standards Automobile Corporate Aver
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Time Average Length of Time Busines
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United States Petroleum Production,
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Workers Workers by Commute Time, 19
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