Transportation energy data book: edition 23 - Oak Ridge National ...

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Standards Automobile Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates, 1978–2003 .......................................................4-19 Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates, 1978–2003 .......................................................4-20 Tier 2 Emission Standards for Cars and Light Trucks Effective for 2004–2009 Model Years ........... 12-14 Light Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards in Effect in 2009 when U.S. Tier 2 Standards are Final ...... 12-15 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Vehicles .... 12-16 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT1) .................................................................. 12-17 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT2) .................................................................. 12-18 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT3) .................................................................. 12-19 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT4) .................................................................. 12-20 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Heavy Trucks..................................................................... 12-21 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Heavy Heavy Trucks..................................................................... 12-22 California Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Emission Certification Standards for Model Years 2001–2006 ....................................................................... 12-23 Stations Conventional and Alternative Fuel Refueling Stations ..........................................4-18 Statistics Summary Statistics for Passenger Cars, 1970–2001 .............................................4-2 Summary Statistics for Two-Axle, Four-Tire Trucks, 1970–2001 ..................................4-3 Summary Statistics on Class 1, Class 2a, and Class 2b Light Trucks ................................4-4 Summary Statistics on Light Transit Vehicles, 1994–2001 ......................................4-38 Summary Statistics for Other Single-Unit Trucks, 1970–2001 .....................................5-2 Summary Statistics for Combination Trucks, 1970–2001 .........................................5-3 Truck Statistics by Gross Vehicle Weight Class, 1997 ...........................................5-6 Truck Statistics by Size, 1997 ..............................................................5-7 Summary Statistics on Transit Buses, 1984–2001 .............................................5-14 Summary Statistics on Intercity and School Buses, 1970–2001 ...................................5-15 Demographic Statistics, 1969, 1977, 1983, 1990, 1995 NPTS and 2001 NHTS ........................8-6 Summary Statistics for U.S. Domestic and International Certificated Route Air Carriers (Combined Totals), 1970–2001 ..................................................................9-3 Summary Statistics for General Aviation, 1970–2001 ...........................................9-4 Tonnage Statistics for Domestic and International Waterborne Commerce, 1970–2001 .................9-5 Summary Statistics for Domestic Waterborne Commerce, 1970–2001 ..............................9-6 Recreational Boating Statistics, 1977–2001 ...................................................9-8 Summary Statistics for Class I Freight Railroads, 1970–2001 ....................................9-10 Summary Statistics for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), 1971 ..................9-13 Summary Statistics for Commuter Rail Operations, 1984–2001 ...................................9-14 Summary Statistics for Rail Transit Operations, 1970–2001 .....................................9-15 Steady Steady Speed Fuel Economy for Vehicles Tested in the 1997 Study ...............................4-28 Stock Vehicle Stock and New Sales in the United States, 2001 Calendar Year .............................3-7 Stocks Petroleum Stocks of OECD Countries by Ownership, 1995–2002 ..................................1-8 Storage U.S. Hydrogen Production Plants and Storage Terminals ........................................6-11 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 I–25
I–26 Hydrogen Storage Systems for On-Board Light Vehicles........................................6-13 Summary Summary of 1996 Military Expenditures for Defending Oil Supplies from the Middle East .............1-12 Summary Statistics for Passenger Cars, 1970–2001 .............................................4-2 Summary Statistics for Two-Axle, Four-Tire Trucks, 1970–2001 ..................................4-3 Summary Statistics on Class 1, Class 2a, and Class 2b Light Trucks ................................4-4 Summary Statistics on Light Transit Vehicles, 1994–2001 ......................................4-38 Summary Statistics for Other Single-Unit Trucks, 1970–2001 .....................................5-2 Summary Statistics for Combination Trucks, 1970–2001 .........................................5-3 Summary Statistics on Transit Buses, 1984–2001 .............................................5-14 Summary Statistics on Intercity and School Buses, 1970–2001 ...................................5-15 Summary Statistics for U.S. Domestic and International Certificated Route Air Carriers (Combined Totals), 1970–2001 ..................................................................9-3 Summary Statistics for General Aviation, 1970–2001 ...........................................9-4 Summary Statistics for Domestic Waterborne Commerce, 1970–2001 ..............................9-6 Summary Statistics for Class I Freight Railroads, 1970–2001 ....................................9-10 Summary Statistics for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), 1971 ..................9-13 Summary Statistics for Commuter Rail Operations, 1984–2001 ...................................9-14 Summary Statistics for Rail Transit Operations, 1970–2001 .....................................9-15 Supplies Summary of 1996 Military Expenditures for Defending Oil Supplies from the Middle East .............1-12 Surveys Growth of Freight in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys .....5-12 Growth of Freight Miles in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys ......................................................................5-13 Survival Automobile Scrappage and Survival Rates 1970, 1980 and 1990 Model Years .......................3-13 Light Truck Scrappage and Survival Rates ...................................................3-15 Heavy Truck Scrappage and Survival Rates ..................................................3-17 Systems Energy Intensities for Selected Transit Bus Systems, 2001 ......................................2-17 Class I Railroad Freight Systems in the United States Ranked by Revenue Ton Miles, 2001 .............9-9 Hydrogen Storage Systems for On-Board Light Vehicles........................................6-13 Tax The Gas Guzzler Tax on New Cars.........................................................4-22 Tax Receipts from the Sale of Gas Guzzlers, 1980–2001 ........................................4-23 State Tax Exemptions for Gasohol, 2001 ................................................... 10-12 Taxes State Taxes on Motor Fuels, 2000 ......................................................... 10-10 Federal Excise Taxes on Motor Fuels ...................................................... 10-12 Technology Sales and Specifications of Available Advanced Technology Vehicles ..............................6-8 Terminals U.S. Hydrogen Production Plants and Storage Terminals ........................................6-11 Terms Crude Oil Prices in Current and Constant Terms, 1870–2002 .....................................1-9 Tested Vehicle Specifications for Vehicles Tested in the 1997 Study ....................................4-25 Steady Speed Fuel Economy for Vehicles Tested in the 1997 Study ...............................4-28 Thousand Vehicles per Thousand People: U.S. Compared to Other Countries .................................3-6 Tier Tier 2 Emission Standards for Cars and Light Trucks Effective for 2004–2009 Model Years ........... 12-14 Light Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards in Effect in 2009 when U.S. Tier 2 Standards are Final ...... 12-15 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003
Page 1 and 2:
Center for Transportation Analysis
Page 3:
Users of the Transportation Energy
Page 6 and 7:
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
Page 8 and 9:
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page 10 and 11:
x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Tab
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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xxiv TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
Page 26 and 27:
1-2 Although the world has consumed
Page 28 and 29:
1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
Page 30 and 31:
1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 Total OECD government-owned pet
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1-10 The share of petroleum importe
Page 36 and 37:
1-12 Estimates of military expendit
Page 38 and 39:
TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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1-16 Most of the petroleum imported
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1-18 Millions of Barrels per Day Th
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1-20 Pipelines accounted for two-th
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2-2 Petroleum accounted for 40% of
Page 48 and 49:
2-4 The Energy Information Administ
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2-6 As data about alternative fuel
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2-8 The highway sector is by far th
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2-10 The use of diesel for off-high
Page 56 and 57:
2-12 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
Page 58 and 59:
2-14 Great care should be taken whe
Page 60 and 61:
2-16 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
2-20 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
2-24 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
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Page 72 and 73:
Source Chapter 3 All Highway Vehicl
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Page 76 and 77:
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The data on automobile and light tr
Page 80 and 81:
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The average age of automobiles was
Page 84 and 85:
Using current registration data and
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
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Chapter 4 Light Vehicles and Charac
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Over one-quarter of autos sold in 2
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The sales-weighted fuel economy of
Page 98 and 99:
Back in 1976 only 20% of new light
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The compact, midsize, and large aut
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The large car size class is the onl
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The sales-weighted wheelbase of new
Page 106 and 107:
The number of franchised dealership
Page 108 and 109:
The Corporate Average Fuel Economy
Page 110 and 111:
Manufacturers of autos and light tr
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Consumers continue to demand gas gu
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Vehicle Table 4.23 Vehicle Specific
Page 116 and 117:
Source: See Table 4.23. Figure 4.2.
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The Environmental Protection Agency
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The US06 driving cycle was develope
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When comparing data between countri
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In 2001, the fatality rate for vehi
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For fatal crashes in 2001, sport-ut
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Source Chapter 5 Heavy Vehicles and
Page 130 and 131:
Combination trucks include all truc
Page 132 and 133:
Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
Page 134 and 135:
As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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6-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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6-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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6-6 This list includes public and p
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6-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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6-10 The relative efficiencies of s
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6-12 In 1999 (the latest year for w
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6-14 Table 6.10 Properties of Conve
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Source Chapter 7 Fleet Vehicles and
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According to these estimates of lig
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These data, which apply to domestic
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Table 7.6 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acq
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Source Chapter 8 Household Vehicles
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Vehicle-miles per capita have nearl
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Household vehicle ownership shows a
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Due to methodology improvements in
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In 2001 vehicle-miles traveled (vmt
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The average vehicle occupancy, calc
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The average annual miles per vehicl
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According to the U.S. Census data,
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Sales of bicycles with wheel sizes
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In 2001, 5% of walk trips and 8% of
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Personal-use vehicles are by far th
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Source Chapter 9 Nonhighway Modes S
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These data include all internationa
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In the early seventies, domestic wa
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Page 196 and 197:
The Interstate Commerce Commission
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The “other” category, which con
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The National Railroad Passenger Cor
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This table on transit rail operatio
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Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
10-6 Though the cost of crude oil c
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10-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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10-10 Table 10.7 State Taxes on Mot
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10-12 At the end of 2001, only four
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10-14 In current dollars, import ca
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10-18 Knowing the number of employe
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11-2 The U. S. accounted for 23.0%
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11-4 Carbon dioxide emissions in 20
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11-6 Most U.S. transportation secto
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Source Chapter 12 Criteria Air Poll
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The transportation sector accounted
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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APPENDIX A SOURCES & METHODOLOGIES
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Highway energy use Automobiles Ener
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Trucks Eno Transportation Foundatio
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Medium/Heavy Trucks: DOT, FHWA, Hig
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Nonhighway energy use Air General A
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Water Freight: Total - DOE, EIA, Fu
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Pipeline The sum of natural gas, cr
Page 266 and 267:
Rail Freight: AAR, Railroad Facts,
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Transit - APTA, 2003 Transit Fact B
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Automobiles Passenger Travel and En
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Intercity School Air Passenger-mile
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Automobiles Highway Passenger Mode
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Air Certificated air carriers Nonhi
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Truck Freight Mode Energy Intensiti
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Sales - Domestic and import totals
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Trucks less than 8,500 lbs (Classes
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Light Fleet Vehicle Population Flee
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Light trucks Business Bobit Publish
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B-2 Pounds (lb) Table B.1 Hydrogen
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B-4 Table B.4 Fuel Equivalents 1 mi
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B-6 Table B.7 Distance and Velocity
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B-8 FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table
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B-10 Table B.12 Fuel Efficiency Con
Page 298 and 299: B-12 Table B.14 Metric Units and Ab
Page 300 and 301: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 302 and 303: APPENDIX C MAPS TRANSPORTATION ENER
Page 304 and 305: Figure C1. Census Divisions and Reg
Page 306 and 307: Source: See Table C.2. Figure C.2.
Page 308 and 309: G-2 Alcohol - The family name of a
Page 310 and 311: G-4 Combination trucks - Consist of
Page 312 and 313: G-6 Energy capacity - Measured in k
Page 314 and 315: G-8 person living alone, two or mor
Page 316 and 317: G-10 M100 - 100% methanol. Medium t
Page 318 and 319: G-12 Poland, Portugal, Spain, Swede
Page 320 and 321: G-14 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil -
Page 322 and 323: G-16 Test weight - The weight setti
Page 324 and 325: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 326 and 327: Automobiles (continued) Average Age
Page 328 and 329: (Category LDT3) ...................
Page 330 and 331: Countries Petroleum Stocks of OECD
Page 332 and 333: Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel
Page 334 and 335: Heavy Trucks.......................
Page 336 and 337: FY Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitio
Page 338 and 339: Incentives State Ethanol Incentives
Page 340 and 341: Mile Automobile Operating Cost per
Page 342 and 343: Oil World Crude Oil Production, 196
Page 344 and 345: Powered Federal Exhaust Emission Ce
Page 346 and 347: New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 p
Page 350 and 351: Time Average Length of Time Busines
Page 352 and 353: United States Petroleum Production,
Page 354: Workers Workers by Commute Time, 19
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