Transportation energy data book: edition 23 - Oak Ridge National ...

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2–18 Great care should be taken when comparing modal energy intensity data among modes. Because of the inherent differences between the transportation modes in the nature of services, routes available, and many additional factors, it is not possible to obtain truly comparable national energy intensities among modes. Table 2.14 Intercity Freight Movement and Energy Use in the United States, 2001 Trucks Waterborne commerce TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 Class I railroads Number of vehicles (thousands) 2,615 42 20 a Ton-miles (billions) 1,051 622 1,495 Tons shipped (millions) 4,122 1,037 1,742 Average length of haul (miles) 752 b 600 859 Energy intensity (Btu/ton-mile) 3,337 444 346 Energy use (trillion Btu) 3,507 276 517 Source: See Appendix A for Freight Movement and Energy Use. a Number of locomotives. b 717 miles is for general freight (less than truckload). Based on data from the Eno Transportation Foundation, the average length of haul for specialized freight (truckload) is 294 miles.
Great care should be taken when comparing modal energy intensity data among modes. Because of the inherent differences between the transportation modes in the nature of services, routes available, and many additional factors, it is not possible to obtain truly comparable national energy intensities among modes. Table 2.15 Energy Intensities of Freight Modes, 1970–2001 Heavy single-unit and Class I freight railroad Domestic waterborne combination trucks commerce Year (Btu per vehicle-mile) (Btu per freight car-mile) (Btu per ton-mile) (Btu per ton-mile) 1970 24,960 17,669 691 545 1971 24,485 18,171 717 506 1972 24,668 18,291 714 522 1973 24,777 18,468 677 576 1974 24,784 18,852 681 483 1975 24,631 18,739 687 549 1976 24,566 18,938 680 468 1977 24,669 19,226 669 458 1978 24,655 18,928 641 383 1979 24,745 19,188 618 436 1980 24,757 18,742 597 358 1981 25,058 18,629 572 360 1982 24,296 18,404 553 310 1983 23,852 17,864 525 286 1984 23,585 17,795 510 346 1985 23,343 17,500 497 446 1986 23,352 17,265 486 463 1987 22,922 16,790 456 402 1988 22,596 16,758 443 361 1989 22,411 16,894 437 403 1990 22,795 16,619 420 387 1991 22,749 15,835 391 386 1992 22,608 16,043 393 398 1993 22,373 16,056 389 389 1994 22,193 16,340 388 369 1995 22,096 15,992 372 374 1996 22,109 15,747 368 412 1997 21,340 15,784 370 415 1998 21,514 15,372 365 435 1999 22,880 15,363 363 457 2000 23,443 14,917 352 508 2001 23,237 15,107 346 444 1970–2001 -0.2% Average annual percentage change -0.5% -2.2% -0.7% 1991–2001 0.2% -0.6% -1.2% 1.4% Source: See Appendix A for Freight Mode Energy Intensities. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 2–19
Page 1 and 2:
Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Tab
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Page 14 and 15: xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
Page 16 and 17: xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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Page 22 and 23: xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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Page 26 and 27: 1-2 Although the world has consumed
Page 28 and 29: 1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
Page 30 and 31: 1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
Page 32 and 33: 1-8 Total OECD government-owned pet
Page 34 and 35: 1-10 The share of petroleum importe
Page 36 and 37: 1-12 Estimates of military expendit
Page 38 and 39: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 40 and 41: 1-16 Most of the petroleum imported
Page 42 and 43: 1-18 Millions of Barrels per Day Th
Page 44 and 45: 1-20 Pipelines accounted for two-th
Page 46 and 47: 2-2 Petroleum accounted for 40% of
Page 48 and 49: 2-4 The Energy Information Administ
Page 50 and 51: 2-6 As data about alternative fuel
Page 52 and 53: 2-8 The highway sector is by far th
Page 54 and 55: 2-10 The use of diesel for off-high
Page 56 and 57: 2-12 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
Page 58 and 59: 2-14 Great care should be taken whe
Page 60 and 61: 2-16 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
Page 64 and 65: 2-20 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
Page 68 and 69: 2-24 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
Page 72 and 73: Source Chapter 3 All Highway Vehicl
Page 78 and 79: The data on automobile and light tr
Page 82 and 83: The average age of automobiles was
Page 84 and 85: Using current registration data and
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 4 Light Vehicles and Charac
Page 92 and 93: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 94 and 95: Over one-quarter of autos sold in 2
Page 96 and 97: The sales-weighted fuel economy of
Page 98 and 99: Back in 1976 only 20% of new light
Page 100 and 101: The compact, midsize, and large aut
Page 102 and 103: The large car size class is the onl
Page 104 and 105: The sales-weighted wheelbase of new
Page 106 and 107: The number of franchised dealership
Page 108 and 109: The Corporate Average Fuel Economy
Page 110 and 111: Manufacturers of autos and light tr
Page 112 and 113:
Consumers continue to demand gas gu
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Vehicle Table 4.23 Vehicle Specific
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Source: See Table 4.23. Figure 4.2.
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The Environmental Protection Agency
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The US06 driving cycle was develope
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When comparing data between countri
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In 2001, the fatality rate for vehi
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For fatal crashes in 2001, sport-ut
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Source Chapter 5 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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6-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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6-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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6-6 This list includes public and p
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6-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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6-10 The relative efficiencies of s
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6-12 In 1999 (the latest year for w
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6-14 Table 6.10 Properties of Conve
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Source Chapter 7 Fleet Vehicles and
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According to these estimates of lig
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These data, which apply to domestic
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Table 7.6 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acq
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Source Chapter 8 Household Vehicles
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Vehicle-miles per capita have nearl
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Household vehicle ownership shows a
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Due to methodology improvements in
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In 2001 vehicle-miles traveled (vmt
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The average vehicle occupancy, calc
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The average annual miles per vehicl
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According to the U.S. Census data,
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Sales of bicycles with wheel sizes
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In 2001, 5% of walk trips and 8% of
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Personal-use vehicles are by far th
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Source Chapter 9 Nonhighway Modes S
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These data include all internationa
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In the early seventies, domestic wa
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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The Interstate Commerce Commission
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The “other” category, which con
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The National Railroad Passenger Cor
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This table on transit rail operatio
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10-6 Though the cost of crude oil c
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10-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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10-10 Table 10.7 State Taxes on Mot
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10-12 At the end of 2001, only four
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10-14 In current dollars, import ca
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10-18 Knowing the number of employe
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11-2 The U. S. accounted for 23.0%
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11-4 Carbon dioxide emissions in 20
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11-6 Most U.S. transportation secto
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Source Chapter 12 Criteria Air Poll
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The transportation sector accounted
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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APPENDIX A SOURCES & METHODOLOGIES
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Highway energy use Automobiles Ener
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Trucks Eno Transportation Foundatio
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Medium/Heavy Trucks: DOT, FHWA, Hig
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Nonhighway energy use Air General A
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Water Freight: Total - DOE, EIA, Fu
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Pipeline The sum of natural gas, cr
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Rail Freight: AAR, Railroad Facts,
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Transit - APTA, 2003 Transit Fact B
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Automobiles Passenger Travel and En
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Intercity School Air Passenger-mile
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Automobiles Highway Passenger Mode
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Air Certificated air carriers Nonhi
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Truck Freight Mode Energy Intensiti
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Sales - Domestic and import totals
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Trucks less than 8,500 lbs (Classes
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Light Fleet Vehicle Population Flee
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Light trucks Business Bobit Publish
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B-2 Pounds (lb) Table B.1 Hydrogen
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B-4 Table B.4 Fuel Equivalents 1 mi
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B-6 Table B.7 Distance and Velocity
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B-8 FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table
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B-10 Table B.12 Fuel Efficiency Con
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B-12 Table B.14 Metric Units and Ab
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APPENDIX C MAPS TRANSPORTATION ENER
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Figure C1. Census Divisions and Reg
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Source: See Table C.2. Figure C.2.
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G-2 Alcohol - The family name of a
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G-4 Combination trucks - Consist of
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G-6 Energy capacity - Measured in k
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G-8 person living alone, two or mor
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G-10 M100 - 100% methanol. Medium t
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G-12 Poland, Portugal, Spain, Swede
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G-14 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil -
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G-16 Test weight - The weight setti
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Automobiles (continued) Average Age
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(Category LDT3) ...................
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Countries Petroleum Stocks of OECD
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Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel
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Heavy Trucks.......................
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FY Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitio
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Incentives State Ethanol Incentives
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Mile Automobile Operating Cost per
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Oil World Crude Oil Production, 196
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Powered Federal Exhaust Emission Ce
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New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 p
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Standards Automobile Corporate Aver
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Time Average Length of Time Busines
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United States Petroleum Production,
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Workers Workers by Commute Time, 19
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