Transportation energy data book: edition 23 - Oak Ridge National ...

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Pipeline The sum of natural gas, crude petroleum and petroleum product, and coal slurry and water. Natural Gas: The amount of natural gas used to transport natural gas was defined as "pipeline fuel" as reported in DOE, EIA, Natural Gas Annual 2001, Table 1. Cubic feet were converted to Btu using 1,031 Btu/ft 3 . Electricity use was estimated using the following procedure as reported on p. 5-110 of J. N. Hooker et al., End Use Energy Consumption DataBase: Transportation Sector. The energy consumption of a natural gas pipeline was taken to be the energy content of the fuel used to drive the pumps. Some 94% of the installed pumping horsepower was supplied by natural gas. The remaining 6% of the horse power was generated more efficiently, mostly by electric motors. The energy consumed by natural gas pipeline pumps that were electrically powered was not known. In order to estimate the electricity consumed, the Btu of natural gas pipeline fuel consumed was multiplied by a factor of 0.015. From this computed value, electricity efficiency and generation loss must be taken into account. The electricity energy use in Btu must be converted to kWhr, using the conversion factor 29.305 x 10 -5 kWhr/Btu. Electricity generation and distribution efficiency was 29%. When generation and distribution efficiency are taken into account, 1 kWhr equals 11,765 Btu. Crude petroleum and petroleum product: J. N. Hooker, Oil Pipeline Energy Consumption and Efficiency, ORNL-5697, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, 1981. (Data held constant; Latest available data.) Coal slurry and water: W. F. Banks, Systems, Science and Software, Energy Consumption in the Pipeline Industry, LaJolla, CA, October 1977. (Data held constant; Latest available data.) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 A–13
A–14 Year Natural gas (million cubic feet) Table A.12 Pipeline Fuel Use Formula for estimating electricity use Estimated electricity use (million kWhr) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 Electricity constant (btu) 1970 722,166 3,272.9 212.1 1971 742,592 3,365.4 212.1 1972 766,156 Multiply natural gas by 3,472.2 212.1 1973 728,177 heat content to get btu 3,300.1 212.1 1974 668,792 × 0.015 3,031.0 212.1 1975 582,963 × (29.305 ×10 -5 kWhr/btu) 2,642.0 212.1 1976 548,323 2,485.0 212.1 1977 532,669 2,414.1 212.1 1978 530,451 2,404.0 212.1 1979 600,964 2,723.6 212.1 1980 634,622 2,876.1 212.1 1981 642,325 2,911.0 212.1 1982 596,411 2,703.0 212.1 1983 490,042 2,220.9 212.1 1984 528,754 2,396.3 212.1 1985 503,766 2,283.1 212.1 1986 485,041 2,198.2 212.1 1987 519,170 2,352.9 212.1 1988 613,912 2,782.3 212.1 1989 629,308 2,852.0 212.1 1990 659,816 2,990.3 212.1 1991 601,305 2,725.1 212.1 1992 587,710 2,663.5 212.1 1993 624,308 2,829.4 212.1 1994 685,362 3,106.1 212.1 1995 700,335 3,173.9 212.1 1996 711,446 3,224.3 212.1 1997 751,470 3,405.7 212.1 1998 635,477 2,880.0 212.1 1999 645,319 2,924.6 212.1 2000 642,210 2,910.5 212.1 2001 623,929 2,827.7 212.1 Heat content used for conversion to btu: 1,031 btu/cubic foot 11,765 Btu/kWhr
Page 1 and 2:
Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Tab
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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xxiv TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 Total OECD government-owned pet
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1-10 The share of petroleum importe
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1-12 Estimates of military expendit
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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1-16 Most of the petroleum imported
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1-18 Millions of Barrels per Day Th
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1-20 Pipelines accounted for two-th
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2-2 Petroleum accounted for 40% of
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2-4 The Energy Information Administ
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2-6 As data about alternative fuel
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2-8 The highway sector is by far th
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2-10 The use of diesel for off-high
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2-12 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
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2-14 Great care should be taken whe
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2-16 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
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2-20 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
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2-24 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
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Source Chapter 3 All Highway Vehicl
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The data on automobile and light tr
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The average age of automobiles was
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Using current registration data and
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Chapter 4 Light Vehicles and Charac
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Over one-quarter of autos sold in 2
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The sales-weighted fuel economy of
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Back in 1976 only 20% of new light
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The compact, midsize, and large aut
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The large car size class is the onl
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The sales-weighted wheelbase of new
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The number of franchised dealership
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The Corporate Average Fuel Economy
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Manufacturers of autos and light tr
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Consumers continue to demand gas gu
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Vehicle Table 4.23 Vehicle Specific
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Source: See Table 4.23. Figure 4.2.
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The Environmental Protection Agency
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The US06 driving cycle was develope
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When comparing data between countri
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In 2001, the fatality rate for vehi
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For fatal crashes in 2001, sport-ut
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Source Chapter 5 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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6-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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6-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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6-6 This list includes public and p
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6-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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6-10 The relative efficiencies of s
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6-12 In 1999 (the latest year for w
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6-14 Table 6.10 Properties of Conve
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Source Chapter 7 Fleet Vehicles and
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According to these estimates of lig
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These data, which apply to domestic
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Table 7.6 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acq
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Source Chapter 8 Household Vehicles
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Vehicle-miles per capita have nearl
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Household vehicle ownership shows a
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Due to methodology improvements in
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In 2001 vehicle-miles traveled (vmt
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The average vehicle occupancy, calc
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The average annual miles per vehicl
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According to the U.S. Census data,
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Sales of bicycles with wheel sizes
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In 2001, 5% of walk trips and 8% of
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Personal-use vehicles are by far th
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Source Chapter 9 Nonhighway Modes S
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These data include all internationa
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In the early seventies, domestic wa
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The Interstate Commerce Commission
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The “other” category, which con
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The National Railroad Passenger Cor
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This table on transit rail operatio
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10-6 Though the cost of crude oil c
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10-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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10-10 Table 10.7 State Taxes on Mot
Page 214 and 215: 10-12 At the end of 2001, only four
Page 216 and 217: 10-14 In current dollars, import ca
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Page 220 and 221: 10-18 Knowing the number of employe
Page 222 and 223: 11-2 The U. S. accounted for 23.0%
Page 224 and 225: 11-4 Carbon dioxide emissions in 20
Page 226 and 227: 11-6 Most U.S. transportation secto
Page 228 and 229: Source Chapter 12 Criteria Air Poll
Page 230 and 231: The transportation sector accounted
Page 240 and 241: The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 252 and 253: APPENDIX A SOURCES & METHODOLOGIES
Page 254 and 255: Highway energy use Automobiles Ener
Page 256 and 257: Trucks Eno Transportation Foundatio
Page 258 and 259: Medium/Heavy Trucks: DOT, FHWA, Hig
Page 260 and 261: Nonhighway energy use Air General A
Page 262 and 263: Water Freight: Total - DOE, EIA, Fu
Page 266 and 267: Rail Freight: AAR, Railroad Facts,
Page 268 and 269: Transit - APTA, 2003 Transit Fact B
Page 270 and 271: Automobiles Passenger Travel and En
Page 272 and 273: Intercity School Air Passenger-mile
Page 274 and 275: Automobiles Highway Passenger Mode
Page 276 and 277: Air Certificated air carriers Nonhi
Page 278 and 279: Truck Freight Mode Energy Intensiti
Page 280 and 281: Sales - Domestic and import totals
Page 282 and 283: Trucks less than 8,500 lbs (Classes
Page 284 and 285: Light Fleet Vehicle Population Flee
Page 286 and 287: Light trucks Business Bobit Publish
Page 288 and 289: B-2 Pounds (lb) Table B.1 Hydrogen
Page 290 and 291: B-4 Table B.4 Fuel Equivalents 1 mi
Page 292 and 293: B-6 Table B.7 Distance and Velocity
Page 294 and 295: B-8 FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table
Page 296 and 297: B-10 Table B.12 Fuel Efficiency Con
Page 298 and 299: B-12 Table B.14 Metric Units and Ab
Page 302 and 303: APPENDIX C MAPS TRANSPORTATION ENER
Page 304 and 305: Figure C1. Census Divisions and Reg
Page 306 and 307: Source: See Table C.2. Figure C.2.
Page 308 and 309: G-2 Alcohol - The family name of a
Page 310 and 311: G-4 Combination trucks - Consist of
Page 312 and 313: G-6 Energy capacity - Measured in k
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G-8 person living alone, two or mor
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G-10 M100 - 100% methanol. Medium t
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G-12 Poland, Portugal, Spain, Swede
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G-14 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil -
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G-16 Test weight - The weight setti
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Automobiles (continued) Average Age
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(Category LDT3) ...................
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Countries Petroleum Stocks of OECD
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Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel
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Heavy Trucks.......................
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FY Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitio
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Incentives State Ethanol Incentives
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Mile Automobile Operating Cost per
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Oil World Crude Oil Production, 196
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Powered Federal Exhaust Emission Ce
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New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 p
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Standards Automobile Corporate Aver
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Time Average Length of Time Busines
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United States Petroleum Production,
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Workers Workers by Commute Time, 19
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