Transportation energy data book: edition 23 - Oak Ridge National ...

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2–14 Great care should be taken when comparing modal energy intensity data among modes. Because of the inherent differences between the transportation modes in the nature of services, routes available, and many additional factors, it is not possible to obtain truly comparable national energy intensities among modes. These values are averages, and there is a great deal of variability even within a mode. Year (Btu per vehicle-mile) a All two-axle, four-tire trucks. b Series not continuous between 1983 and 1984 because of a change in data source by the American Public Transit Association (APTA). c 2001data are not yet available. Table 2.12 Energy Intensities of Highway Passenger Modes, 1970–2001 Automobiles Transit b (Btu per passenger-mile) Light truck a (Btu per vehicle-mile) (Btu per vehicle-mile) Buses (Btu per passenger-mile) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 Intercity (Btu per passenger-mile) 1970 9,250 4,868 12,479 31,796 2,472 1,674 1975 8,993 4,733 11,879 33,748 2,814 988 1976 9,113 4,796 11,523 34,598 2,896 1,007 1977 8,950 4,710 11,160 35,120 2,889 970 1978 8,839 4,693 10,807 36,603 2,883 976 1979 8,647 4,632 10,467 36,597 2,795 1,028 1980 7,916 4,279 10,224 36,553 2,813 1,082 1981 7,670 4,184 9,997 37,745 3,027 1,051 1982 7,465 4,109 9,268 38,766 3,237 1,172 1983 7,365 4,092 9,124 37,962 3,177 1,286 1984 7,202 4,066 8,931 38,705 3,307 954 1985 7,164 4,110 8,730 38,876 3,423 964 1986 7,194 4,197 8,560 37,889 3,545 870 1987 6,959 4,128 8,359 36,247 3,594 940 1988 6,683 4,033 8,119 36,673 3,706 963 1989 6,589 4,046 7,746 36,754 3,732 964 1990 6,169 3,856 7,746 37,374 3,794 962 1991 5,912 3,695 7,351 37,732 3,877 963 1992 5,956 3,723 7,239 40,243 4,310 964 1993 6,087 3,804 7,182 39,043 4,262 962 1994 6,024 3,765 7,212 37,313 4,268 964 1995 5,902 3,689 7,208 37,277 4,310 964 1996 5,874 3,683 7,247 37,450 4,340 963 1997 5,797 3,646 7,251 38,832 4,431 963 1998 5,767 3,638 7,261 41,182 4,387 963 1999 5,821 3,684 7,330 40,460 4,332 964 2000 5,687 3,611 7,162 41,548 4,515 932 2001 5,634 3,588 7,095 38,341 4,125 c Average annual percentage change 1970–2001 -1.6% -1.0% -1.8% 0.6% 1.7% c 1991–2001 -0.5% -0.3% -0.4% 0.2% 0.6% c Source: See Appendix A for Highway Passenger Mode Energy Intensities.
Great care should be taken when comparing modal energy intensity data among modes. Because of the inherent differences between the transportation modes in the nature of services, routes available, and many additional factors, it is not possible to obtain truly comparable national energy intensities among modes. Table 2.13 Energy Intensities of Nonhighway Passenger Modes, 1970–2001 Air Rail Certificated air carriers Year a General Intercity Rail Commuter aviation Amtrak transit rail (Btu per (Btu per (Btu per (Btu per (Btu per passenger-mile) passenger-mile) passenger-mile) passenger-mile) passenger-mile 1970 10,282 10,374 b 2,453 b 1975 7,826 10,658 3,677 2,962 a 1976 7,511 10,769 3,397 2,971 a 1977 6,990 11,695 3,568 2,691 a 1978 6,144 11,305 3,683 2,210 a 1979 5,607 10,787 3,472 2,794 a 1980 5,561 11,497 3,176 3,008 a 1981 5,774 11,123 2,957 2,946 a 1982 5,412 13,015 3,156 3,069 a 1983 5,133 11,331 2,957 3,212 a 1984 5,298 11,454 3,027 3,732 3,011 1985 5,053 11,707 2,800 3,461 3,053 1986 5,011 11,935 2,574 3,531 3,174 1987 4,827 11,496 2,537 3,534 3,043 1988 4,861 11,794 2,462 3,585 3,075 1989 4,844 10,229 2,731 3,397 3,120 1990 4,875 10,146 2,609 3,453 3,068 1991 4,662 9,869 2,503 3,710 3,011 1992 4,516 9,785 2,610 3,575 2,848 1993 4,490 9,653 2,646 3,687 3,222 1994 4,397 9,163 2,357 3,828 2,904 1995 4,349 9,870 2,590 3,818 2,849 1996 4,172 9,258 2,792 3,444 2,796 1997 4,166 9,688 2,918 3,253 2,946 1998 4,146 11,252 2,900 3,216 2,859 1999 4,061 12,206 3,062 3,168 2,929 2000 3,952 11,526 3,356 3,105 2,759 2001 3,968 10,384 4,137 3,114 2,717 Average annual percentage change 1970–2001 -3.0% 0.0% 0.4% c 0.8% -0.3% b 1991–2001 -1.6% 0.5% 5.2% -1.7% -1.0% Source: See Appendix A for Nonhighway Passenger Mode Energy Intensities. a These data differ from the data on Table 2.11 because they do not include any international services. These energy intensities may be inflated because all energy use is attributed to passengers – cargo energy use is not taken into account. b Data are not available. c Average annual percentage change begins with the earliest year possible. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 23—2003 2–15
Page 1 and 2:
Center for Transportation Analysis
Page 3:
Users of the Transportation Energy
Page 6 and 7:
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
Page 8 and 9: viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page 10 and 11: x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Tab
Page 12 and 13: xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
Page 14 and 15: xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
Page 16 and 17: xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
Page 18 and 19: xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
Page 20 and 21: xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
Page 22 and 23: xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
Page 24 and 25: xxiv TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
Page 26 and 27: 1-2 Although the world has consumed
Page 28 and 29: 1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
Page 30 and 31: 1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
Page 32 and 33: 1-8 Total OECD government-owned pet
Page 34 and 35: 1-10 The share of petroleum importe
Page 36 and 37: 1-12 Estimates of military expendit
Page 38 and 39: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 40 and 41: 1-16 Most of the petroleum imported
Page 42 and 43: 1-18 Millions of Barrels per Day Th
Page 44 and 45: 1-20 Pipelines accounted for two-th
Page 46 and 47: 2-2 Petroleum accounted for 40% of
Page 48 and 49: 2-4 The Energy Information Administ
Page 50 and 51: 2-6 As data about alternative fuel
Page 52 and 53: 2-8 The highway sector is by far th
Page 54 and 55: 2-10 The use of diesel for off-high
Page 56 and 57: 2-12 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
Page 60 and 61: 2-16 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
Page 62 and 63: 2-18 Great care should be taken whe
Page 64 and 65: 2-20 Nearly all of the fuel ethanol
Page 68 and 69: 2-24 Figure 2.2. Energy Intensities
Page 72 and 73: Source Chapter 3 All Highway Vehicl
Page 78 and 79: The data on automobile and light tr
Page 82 and 83: The average age of automobiles was
Page 84 and 85: Using current registration data and
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 4 Light Vehicles and Charac
Page 92 and 93: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 94 and 95: Over one-quarter of autos sold in 2
Page 96 and 97: The sales-weighted fuel economy of
Page 98 and 99: Back in 1976 only 20% of new light
Page 100 and 101: The compact, midsize, and large aut
Page 102 and 103: The large car size class is the onl
Page 104 and 105: The sales-weighted wheelbase of new
Page 106 and 107: The number of franchised dealership
Page 108 and 109:
The Corporate Average Fuel Economy
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Manufacturers of autos and light tr
Page 112 and 113:
Consumers continue to demand gas gu
Page 114 and 115:
Vehicle Table 4.23 Vehicle Specific
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Source: See Table 4.23. Figure 4.2.
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The Environmental Protection Agency
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The US06 driving cycle was develope
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When comparing data between countri
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In 2001, the fatality rate for vehi
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For fatal crashes in 2001, sport-ut
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Source Chapter 5 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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6-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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6-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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6-6 This list includes public and p
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6-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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6-10 The relative efficiencies of s
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6-12 In 1999 (the latest year for w
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6-14 Table 6.10 Properties of Conve
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Source Chapter 7 Fleet Vehicles and
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According to these estimates of lig
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These data, which apply to domestic
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Table 7.6 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acq
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Source Chapter 8 Household Vehicles
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Vehicle-miles per capita have nearl
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Household vehicle ownership shows a
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Due to methodology improvements in
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In 2001 vehicle-miles traveled (vmt
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The average vehicle occupancy, calc
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The average annual miles per vehicl
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According to the U.S. Census data,
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Sales of bicycles with wheel sizes
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In 2001, 5% of walk trips and 8% of
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Personal-use vehicles are by far th
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Source Chapter 9 Nonhighway Modes S
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These data include all internationa
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In the early seventies, domestic wa
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 196 and 197:
The Interstate Commerce Commission
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The “other” category, which con
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The National Railroad Passenger Cor
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This table on transit rail operatio
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Page 206 and 207:
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10-6 Though the cost of crude oil c
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10-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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10-10 Table 10.7 State Taxes on Mot
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10-12 At the end of 2001, only four
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10-14 In current dollars, import ca
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10-18 Knowing the number of employe
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11-2 The U. S. accounted for 23.0%
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11-4 Carbon dioxide emissions in 20
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11-6 Most U.S. transportation secto
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Source Chapter 12 Criteria Air Poll
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The transportation sector accounted
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Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
APPENDIX A SOURCES & METHODOLOGIES
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Highway energy use Automobiles Ener
Page 256 and 257:
Trucks Eno Transportation Foundatio
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Medium/Heavy Trucks: DOT, FHWA, Hig
Page 260 and 261:
Nonhighway energy use Air General A
Page 262 and 263:
Water Freight: Total - DOE, EIA, Fu
Page 264 and 265:
Pipeline The sum of natural gas, cr
Page 266 and 267:
Rail Freight: AAR, Railroad Facts,
Page 268 and 269:
Transit - APTA, 2003 Transit Fact B
Page 270 and 271:
Automobiles Passenger Travel and En
Page 272 and 273:
Intercity School Air Passenger-mile
Page 274 and 275:
Automobiles Highway Passenger Mode
Page 276 and 277:
Air Certificated air carriers Nonhi
Page 278 and 279:
Truck Freight Mode Energy Intensiti
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Sales - Domestic and import totals
Page 282 and 283:
Trucks less than 8,500 lbs (Classes
Page 284 and 285:
Light Fleet Vehicle Population Flee
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Light trucks Business Bobit Publish
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B-2 Pounds (lb) Table B.1 Hydrogen
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B-4 Table B.4 Fuel Equivalents 1 mi
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B-6 Table B.7 Distance and Velocity
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B-8 FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table
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B-10 Table B.12 Fuel Efficiency Con
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B-12 Table B.14 Metric Units and Ab
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Page 302 and 303:
APPENDIX C MAPS TRANSPORTATION ENER
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Figure C1. Census Divisions and Reg
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Source: See Table C.2. Figure C.2.
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G-2 Alcohol - The family name of a
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G-4 Combination trucks - Consist of
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G-6 Energy capacity - Measured in k
Page 314 and 315:
G-8 person living alone, two or mor
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G-10 M100 - 100% methanol. Medium t
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G-12 Poland, Portugal, Spain, Swede
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G-14 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil -
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G-16 Test weight - The weight setti
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Automobiles (continued) Average Age
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(Category LDT3) ...................
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Countries Petroleum Stocks of OECD
Page 332 and 333:
Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel
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Heavy Trucks.......................
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FY Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitio
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Incentives State Ethanol Incentives
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Mile Automobile Operating Cost per
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Oil World Crude Oil Production, 196
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Powered Federal Exhaust Emission Ce
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New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 p
Page 348 and 349:
Standards Automobile Corporate Aver
Page 350 and 351:
Time Average Length of Time Busines
Page 352 and 353:
United States Petroleum Production,
Page 354:
Workers Workers by Commute Time, 19
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