Science of Water : Concepts and Applications

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Water Treatment Calculations 345 The actual chemical feed rate can be calculated using the following equation: chemical applied, lb Chemical feed rate, lbmin length of application, min If desired, the chemical feed rate can be converted into lb/day: (10.33) Feed rate, lb/day (feed rate, lbmin)(1440 min day) (10.34) Example 10.37 Problem: Calculate the actual chemical feed rate, lb/day, if a container is placed under a chemical feeder and a total of 2 lb is collected during a 30-min period. Solution: First calculate the lb/min feed rate: Then calculate the lb/day feed rate: Example 10.38 chemical applied, lb Chemical feed rate, lbmin length of application, min 2lb 30 min 0.06 lbmin feed rate Chemical feed rate, lbday (0.06 lb/min)(1440 minday) 86.4 lbday feed rate Problem: Calculate the actual chemical feed rate, lb/day, if a container is placed under a chemical feeder and a total of 1.6 lb is collected during a 20-min period. Solution: First calculate the lb/min feed rate: Then calculate the lb/day feed rate: chemical applied, lb Chemical feed rate, lbmin length of application, min 1.6 lb 20 min 0.08 lbmin feed rate Chemical feed rate, lbday (0.08 lbmin)(1440 minday) 115 lbday feed rate
346 The Science of Water: Concepts and Applications SOLUTION CHEMICAL FEEDER CALIBRATION As with other calibration calculations, the actual solution chemical feed rate is determined and then compared with the feed rate indicated by the instrumentation. To calculate the actual solution chemical feed rate, fi rst express the solution feed rate in MGD. Once the MGD solution fl ow rate has been calculated, use the mg/L equation to determine chemical dosage in lb/day. If solution feed is expressed as mL/min, fi rst convert mL/min fl ow rate into gpd fl ow rate. Then calculate chemical dosage, lb/day. Example 10.39 (mLmin)(1440 minday) gpd 3785 mLgal (10.35) Chemical, lbday (chemical, mgL)(flow, MGD)(8.34 lb day) (10.36) Problem: A calibration test is conducted for a solution chemical feeder. During a 5-min test, the pump delivered 940 mg/L of the 1.20% polymer solution. (Assume the polymer solution weighs 8.34 lb/gal.) What is the polymer dosage rate in lb/day? Solution: The fl ow rate must be expressed as MGD. Therefore, the mL/min solution fl ow rate must fi rst be converted into gpd and then into MGD. The mL/min fl ow rate is calculated as: 940 mL 5 min Next convert the mL/min fl ow rate into gpd fl ow rate: Then calculate the lb/day polymer feed rate: Example 10.40 Problem: 188 mLmin (188 mLmin)(1440 minday) 72 gpd flow rate 3785 mLgal (12,000 mgL)(0.000072 MGD)(8.34 lb/day) 7.2 lb day polymer A calibration test is conducted for a solution chemical feeder. During a 24-h period, the solution feeder delivers a total of 100 gal of solution. The polymer solution is a 1.2% solution. What is the lb/day feed rate? (Assume the polymer solution weighs 8.34 lb/gal.)
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Second Edition THE SCIENCE OF WATER
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Cover Image: Falling Spring at Fall
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Contents Preface ..................
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Contents ix Velocity Head .........
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Contents xi Specifi c Conductance .
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Contents xiii (5) Beetles (Order: C
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Contents xv Chlorine Residual Testi
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Contents xvii Water Filtration Calc
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To the Reader In reading this text,
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1 Introduction When color photograp
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Introduction 3 On second look, we s
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Introduction 5 As mentioned earlier
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Introduction 7 This scream of lost
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Introduction 9 Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.
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12 The Science of Water: Concepts a
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3 Water Hydraulics Anyone who has t
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Water Hydraulics 47 Another relatio
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Water Hydraulics 49 • • 1 ft 3
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Water Hydraulics 51 √ Important P
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Water Hydraulics 53 FIGURE 3.4 Thru
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Water Hydraulics 55 Example 3.8 Pro
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Water Hydraulics 57 FIGURE 3.6 Lami
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Water Hydraulics 59 With regard to
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Water Hydraulics 61 or hydraulic gr
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Water Hydraulics 63 E 1 smaller fl
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Water Hydraulics 65 √ Note: In de
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Water Hydraulics 67 • Cone of dep
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Water Hydraulics 69 • • • •
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Water Hydraulics 71 The Darcy-Weisb
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Water Hydraulics 73 Of course, pipe
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Water Hydraulics 75 In this section
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Water Hydraulics 77 Slope (S) The s
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Water Hydraulics 79 and important c
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Water Hydraulics 81 and the depth o
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Water Hydraulics 83 TYPES OF DIFFER
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Water Hydraulics 85 √ Important P
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Water Hydraulics 87 Meter backpress
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Water Hydraulics 89 VELOCITY FLOWME
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Water Hydraulics 91 The positive-di
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Water Hydraulics 93 Solution: 1200g
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Water Hydraulics 95 Water and Waste
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100 The Science of Water: Concepts
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6 Water Ecology The subject of man
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Water Ecology 157 The environment i
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Water Ecology 159 FIGURE 6.2 Notone
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Water Ecology 161 H 2 O O 2 FIGURE
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Water Ecology 163 FeS FIGURE 6.6 Th
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Water Ecology 165 Algae FIGURE 6.8
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Water Ecology 167 2. Likewise, biom
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Water Ecology 169 Population densit
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Water Ecology 171 succession can be
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Water Ecology 173 dark winter month
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Water Ecology 175 In rain events wh
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Water Ecology 177 long profi le, cr
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Water Ecology 179 THE FLOODPLAIN A
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Water Ecology 181 It is important t
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Water Ecology 183 Specifi c Adaptat
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Water Ecology 185 serve to indicate
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Water Ecology 187 UNITS OF ORGANIZA
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Water Ecology 189 FIGURE 6.20 Stone
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Water Ecology 191 FIGURE 6.22 Midge
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Water Ecology 193 FIGURE 6.25 Riffl
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Water Ecology 195 They push their m
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Water Ecology 197 FIGURE 6.32 Damse
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Water Ecology 199 Darwin, C., 1998.
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