Science of Water : Concepts and Applications

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Index A Abiotic factor, 157 Acid wash, 247 Acids, 109 Adaptation, 181 Aeration, 157, 294 Aerobic, 133 Air pressure, 46 Alderfl y, 195 Algae, 123 Algal bloom, 123 Alkalinity, 111 Alternate fi lters, 314 Alum, 307 Amoeba, 135 Anaerobic, 123, 133 Animal feeding operations, 214 Anion, 99, 105 Annular space, 25 Apparent color testing, 284–285 Aquifer, 24 Ascorbic acid method, 267 Atom, 99, 101 Atomic number, 101 Atomic weight, 101 B Bacilli, 130 Backwash pumping rate, 374–375 Backwash rate, 371–372 Backwash water required, 373 Backwash water tanks, 374 Backwash water used, 375–376 Bacterial growth factors, 133 Balanced aquarium, 179 Bare-rock succession, 170 Bars, 178 Bases, 109 Bed fl ow head low, 380–382 Bed load, 176 behavioral change, 182 Benthic macroinvertebrates, 184 Benthic plants, 18 Benthos, 179 Bernoulli’s Theorem, 58, 61–64 Beetles, 191 Binary fi ssion, 129, 133 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 116, 157, 258–260 Biodegradable, 116 Biogeochemical cycle, 123, 159–164 Biological sampling, 222–240 Biology, 121–152 Biomass pyramid, 167 Biomonitoring, 184, 219–220 Biotic index, 157, 220–222 Binomial system of nomenclature, 123 Blowoff, 39 Bored wells, 36 Borehole, 37 Bowl horsepower, 330 Breakpoint chlorination, 319, 389–391 Burrowers, 186 C Caddis fl ies, 189 Calculating tank volume, 349–350 Carbon cycle, 160–161 Carrying capacity, 169 Cation, 99, 105 C factor, 71 Caisson, 24 Capillary action, 14–15 Capsule, 128, 130 Casing vent, 38 Cavendish, 12 Cell, 125–129 Cell envelope, 128 Cell wall, 128, 132 Chamber and basin calculation, 338–339 Check valve, 39 Chemical addition, 295–296 Chemical change, 101 Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 117 Chemical reaction, 101 Chemical usage, 347–348, 396–397 Chemistry, 98 Chezy, 77 Chloramination, 206 Chlorination, 316–323 Chlorine, 205 Chlorine chemistry, 318–323, 397–399 Chlorine contact time, 317 Chlorine demand, 317, 388 Chlorine dosage calculation, 322 Chlorine dose, 317, 388 Chlorine feed rate, 386–387 Chlorine reaction, 317 Chlorine residual, 286, 317, 388 Cholera, 289–291 Classifi cation of microorganisms, 125 Clean Water Act (CWA), 22 Climax community, 157 Climbers, 186 Clingers, 186 Coagulation, 13, 306–309, 336–337 Cobble, 224 Coliform organism, 123 Colloidal, 100 Colloidal solids, 99 417
418 The Science of Water: Concepts and Applications Colony counting, 283 Color, 107 Colorimetric, 251 Community, 157 Competition, 157 Composite samples, 248 Compound, 99, 104–105 Concentration, 296 Conductivity, 273–274 Cone of depression, 25, 67 Confi ned aquifer, 24, 33 Conservation of energy, 59 Contamination, 24 Continuity of fl ow, 59 Control valves, 39 Copper sulfate dosing, 334–335 Conventional water treatment, 292–293 Corrosion control, 115 Critical fl ow, 75 Crustaceous, 137 Cryptosporidiosis, 149 Cryptosporidium, 8, 28, 139–140, 146–149, 206 Cyclospora, 150 Cytoplamis region, 128 Cytoplasm, 132 Cytoplasmic region, 128 D Damselfl y, 197 Darcy-Weisbach equation, 70–71 Darwin, C., 156 Decomposers, 165, 170 Decomposition, 157 Deep wells, 37 Deep-well turbine pump, 329 Denitrifi cation, 123, 162 Density, 4, 297–298 Dental fl uorosis, 118 Deposition, 176 Detention time, 339–340, 350–351 Dextral, 198 Diatomaceous earth fi lters, 313–314 Differential pressure fl owmeter, 82 Differentiation, 125 Direct fi ltration, 314 Discharge, 55 Discharge head, 329 Disinfection, 112, 134, 315–323 Dissolved oxygen (DO), 107, 157, 238 Dissolved oxygen meter, 256 Dissolved oxygen testing, 252 Dissolved solids, 99 Divers, 186 Dobsonfl y, 195 Doppler fl owmeters, 88 Dragonfl ies, 196 Drainage basin, 24 Drawdown, 24, 66, 326 Drilled wells, 37 Driven wells, 36 Dry chemical feeder calibration, 344–345 Dry chemical feeder setting calculation, 340–341 Dry feeder, 298 Dug wells, 36 E Ecological pyramids, 166 Ecological succession, 170 Ecosystem, 159–160 Effi ciency calculation, 332–333 Electron, 101 Elements, 101–104 Emigration, 158, 169 Emulsion, 98 Energy grade line, 68 Energy head, 59 Energy losses, 73 Energy pyramid, 16 Entrainment, 176 Entropy, 164 Environmental carrying capacity, 170 Equivalent pipe theory, 74 Eukaryotic, 18 Eutrophication, 138, 158 Evaporation, 15 Evapotranspiration, 16, 174 F Facultative, 133 Fecal Coliform, 245, 275–284 Feeder calibration, 341–342 Ferric chloride, 307 Ferric sulfate, 307 Ferrous sulfate, 307 Field head, 329 Field horsepower, 330 Filter backwash, 208 Filter bed expansion, 377–378 Filter effi ciency, 384–385 Filter fl ow rate, 365 Filter loading rate, 378–379 Filter medium size, 379 Filter problems, 314–315 Filtration, 310–315 Filtration rate, 367–369 Flagella, 2, 128, 131 Flagellates, 136 Flocculation, 208, 309–310, 337–338 Flood plain, 179 Flow, 55–58 Flow amount, 81 Flow measurement, 80 Flow measuring devices, 81–94 Flow nozzle, 84 Flow rate, 81 Flowmeter, 39 Fluidized bed head loss, 382–383 Flumes, 93 Fluorides, 117
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Second Edition THE SCIENCE OF WATER
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Cover Image: Falling Spring at Fall
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Contents Preface ..................
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Contents ix Velocity Head .........
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Contents xi Specifi c Conductance .
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Contents xiii (5) Beetles (Order: C
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Contents xv Chlorine Residual Testi
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Contents xvii Water Filtration Calc
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To the Reader In reading this text,
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1 Introduction When color photograp
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Introduction 3 On second look, we s
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Introduction 5 As mentioned earlier
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Introduction 7 This scream of lost
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Introduction 9 Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.
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12 The Science of Water: Concepts a
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3 Water Hydraulics Anyone who has t
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Water Hydraulics 47 Another relatio
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Water Hydraulics 49 • • 1 ft 3
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Water Hydraulics 51 √ Important P
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Water Hydraulics 53 FIGURE 3.4 Thru
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Water Hydraulics 55 Example 3.8 Pro
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Water Hydraulics 57 FIGURE 3.6 Lami
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Water Hydraulics 59 With regard to
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Water Hydraulics 61 or hydraulic gr
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Water Hydraulics 63 E 1 smaller fl
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Water Hydraulics 65 √ Note: In de
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Water Hydraulics 67 • Cone of dep
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Water Hydraulics 69 • • • •
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Water Hydraulics 71 The Darcy-Weisb
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Water Hydraulics 73 Of course, pipe
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Water Hydraulics 75 In this section
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Water Hydraulics 77 Slope (S) The s
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Water Hydraulics 79 and important c
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Water Hydraulics 81 and the depth o
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Water Hydraulics 83 TYPES OF DIFFER
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Water Hydraulics 85 √ Important P
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Water Hydraulics 87 Meter backpress
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Water Hydraulics 89 VELOCITY FLOWME
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Water Hydraulics 91 The positive-di
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Water Hydraulics 93 Solution: 1200g
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Water Hydraulics 95 Water and Waste
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100 The Science of Water: Concepts
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6 Water Ecology The subject of man
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Water Ecology 157 The environment i
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Water Ecology 159 FIGURE 6.2 Notone
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Water Ecology 161 H 2 O O 2 FIGURE
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Water Ecology 163 FeS FIGURE 6.6 Th
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Water Ecology 165 Algae FIGURE 6.8
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Water Ecology 167 2. Likewise, biom
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Water Ecology 169 Population densit
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Water Ecology 171 succession can be
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Water Ecology 173 dark winter month
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Water Ecology 175 In rain events wh
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Water Ecology 177 long profi le, cr
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Water Ecology 179 THE FLOODPLAIN A
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Water Ecology 181 It is important t
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Water Ecology 183 Specifi c Adaptat
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Water Ecology 185 serve to indicate
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Water Ecology 187 UNITS OF ORGANIZA
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Water Ecology 189 FIGURE 6.20 Stone
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Water Ecology 191 FIGURE 6.22 Midge
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Water Ecology 193 FIGURE 6.25 Riffl
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Water Ecology 195 They push their m
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Water Ecology 197 FIGURE 6.32 Damse
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Water Ecology 199 Darwin, C., 1998.
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10 Water Treatment Calculations Gup
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Water Treatment Calculations 327 We
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Water Treatment Calculations 329 Th
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Water Treatment Calculations 333 Ex
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Water Treatment Calculations 335 me
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Water Treatment Calculations 337 Fo
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Water Treatment Calculations 341 So
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Water Treatment Calculations 343 No
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Water Treatment Calculations 349 In
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Water Treatment Calculations 363 St
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Water Treatment Calculations 365 WA
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Science of Water : Concepts and Applications

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