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Science of Water : Concepts and Applications

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<strong>Water</strong> Treatment Calculations 399<br />

Morris (1966) points out that the value <strong>of</strong> K a for hypochlorous acid is a function <strong>of</strong> temperature<br />

in kelvin (K) as follows:<br />

REFERENCES<br />

6908<br />

In Ka23.1840.058T (10.106)<br />

T<br />

AWWA <strong>and</strong> ASCE (American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association <strong>and</strong> American Society <strong>of</strong> Civil Engineers), 1990.<br />

<strong>Water</strong> Treatment Plant Design, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.<br />

AWWA <strong>and</strong> ASCE (American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association <strong>and</strong> American Society <strong>of</strong> Civil Engineers), 1998.<br />

<strong>Water</strong> Treatment Plant Design, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.<br />

Chase, G.L., 2002. Solids Notes: Fluidization. Akron, OH: The University <strong>of</strong> Akron.<br />

Cleasby, J.L., 1990. Filtration. In <strong>Water</strong> Quality <strong>and</strong> Treatment, AWWA (ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.<br />

Cleasby, J.L. <strong>and</strong> Fan, K.S., 1981. Predicting Fluidization <strong>and</strong> Expansion <strong>of</strong> Filter Media. J. Environ. Eng. Div.<br />

ASCE, 107 (EE3):355–471.<br />

Downs, A.J. <strong>and</strong> Adams, C.J., 1973. The Chemistry <strong>of</strong> Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine <strong>and</strong> Astatine. Oxford:<br />

Pergamon.<br />

Droste, R.L., 1997. Theory <strong>and</strong> Practice <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>and</strong> Wastewater Treatment. New York: John Wiley & Sons.<br />

Fair, G.M., Geyer, J.C., <strong>and</strong> Okun, D.A., 1968. <strong>Water</strong> <strong>and</strong> Wastewater Engineering, Vol. 2: <strong>Water</strong> Purifi cation<br />

<strong>and</strong> Wastewater Treatment <strong>and</strong> Disposal. New York: John Wiley & Sons.<br />

Fetter, C.W., 1998. H<strong>and</strong>book <strong>of</strong> Chlorination. New York: Litton Educational.<br />

Gregory, R. <strong>and</strong> Zabel, T.R., 1990. Sedimentation <strong>and</strong> Flotation. In <strong>Water</strong> Quality <strong>and</strong> Treatment, A H<strong>and</strong>book<br />

<strong>of</strong> Community <strong>Water</strong> Supplies, 4th ed. AWWA, Pontius, F.W. (ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.<br />

Gupta, R.S., 1997. Environmental Engineering <strong>and</strong> <strong>Science</strong>: An Introduction. Rockville, MD: Government<br />

Institutes.<br />

Hudson, H.E., Jr., 1989. Density considerations in sedimentation. J. Amer. <strong>Water</strong> Works Assoc., 64(6):<br />

382–386.<br />

McGhee, T.J., 1991. <strong>Water</strong> Resources <strong>and</strong> Environmental Engineering, 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.<br />

Morris, J.C., 1966. The acid ionization constant <strong>of</strong> HOCl from 5°C to 35°C. J. Phys. Chem., 70(12):3789.<br />

USEPA, 1999. Individual Filter Self Assessment. EPA Guidance Manual, Turbidity Provisions, pp. 5–12.<br />

<strong>Water</strong>, G.C., 1978. Disinfection <strong>of</strong> Wastewater <strong>and</strong> <strong>Water</strong> for Reuse. New York: Van Nostr<strong>and</strong> Reinhold.<br />

Wen, C.Y. <strong>and</strong> Yu, Y.H., 1966. Minimum Fluidization Velocity. AIChE J., 12(3):610–612.<br />

White, G.C., 1972. H<strong>and</strong>book <strong>of</strong> Chlorination. New York: Litton Educational.

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