Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Scytonema hofmanni. These were all dormant during dry seasons, but created algal masses after periods of rain. There was also an unidentified blue-green algae that was pink. Walker (1955) reported that Abariringa (Canton) residents had recently planted a thousand coconut trees. Walker (1955) reported observing several introduced plant species on Abariringa (Canton). These included: poinsettia, mimosa, castor bean, Mediteranean olive trees, tobacco plant, papaya, sea grapes, spider lilies, and morning glories. Hatheway (1955) noted that Abariringa (Canton) rainfall was 19 inches annually and that there were 14 species of plants there (see also Wiens 1962). Compared with other islands, both rainfall and number of plant species were low. The more rainfall, the more species of plants were found (Wiens 1962). Most of the plant species introduced to Abariringa (Canton) in 1950 did not survive (Degener and Degener 1959). Apparently gardens around the housing area and the terminal building had been sprayed with weed killer, not insecticide as intended. In 1958, only one coconut tree was large enough to bear fruit (McIntire 1960). Many coconut trees were infested with scale. There were 2 small date palm trees, Phoenix dactylifera, that were being grown in a garden (Degener and Degener 1959; McIntire 1960). Degener and Degener (1959) noted and provided descriptions of the establishment of the following species: 1) Pandanus tectorius 2) Cenchrus echinatus 3) Chloris inflata 4) Cynodon dactylon 5) Digitaria henryi 6) Digitaria pacifica 7) Digitaria sanguinalis 8) Digitaria timorensis 9) Eragrostis amabilis 10) Eragrostis whitneyi 11) Lepturus pilgerianus 12) Lepturus repens 13) Panicum distachyum 14) Panicum miliaceum 15) Pennisetum setosum 16) Setaria verticillata 17) Tricholaena rosea 18) Cyperus javanicus 19) Cyperus polystachyos 20) Cyperus rotundus 21) Fimbristylis dichotoma 22) Fimbristylis pycnocephala 23) Cocos nucifera 24) Phoenix dactylifera 25) Rhoeo spathacca 26) Setcreasea purpurea 27) Sansevieria cylindrica 24 64) Calotropis gigantea var. wilderi 65) Ipomoea batatas 66) Ipomoea tuba 67) Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis 68) Cordia sebestena 69) Cordia subcordata 70) Stachytarpheta jamaicensis 71) Capsicum frutescens 72) Lycopersicum esculentum var. commune 73) Lycopersicum esculentum subsp. Galena 74) Nicotiana glauca 75) Petunia hybrida 76) Physalis angulata 77) Solanum melongena var. esculentum 78) Casasia clusiifolia 79) Morinda citrifolia 80) Citrullus vulgaris 81) Cucumis dipsaceus 82) Cucumis melo 83) Scaevola sericea 84) Gaillardia picta 85) Pluchea indica 86) Tagetes sp. 87) Conyza canadensis
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 28) Crinum asiaticum 29) Furcraea foetida 30) Musa nana 31) Casuarina equisetifolia 32) Casuarina glauca 33) Coccoloba uvifera 34) Amarantus dubius 35) Sesuvium portulacastrum var. griseum 36) Sesuvium portulacastrum var. portulacastrum 37) Portulaca cyanosperma 38) Spergularia marina 39) Cassytha filiformis 40) Lepidium o-waihiense 41) Bryophyllum pinnatum 42) Leguminosae 43) Desmanthus virgatus 44) Leucaena glauca 45) Prosopis chilensis 46) Acalypha wilkesiana 47) Phyllanthus niruri 48) Poinsettia cyathophora 49) Schinus terebinthifolius 50) Gossypium brasiliense 51) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 52) Pariti tiliaceum 53) Sida fallax 54) Thespesia populnea 55) Calophyllum inophyllum 56) Tamarix aphylla 57) Passifloa foetida 58) Carica papaya 59) Conocarpus erecta 60) Terminalia catappa 61) Polyscias guilfoylei 62) Plumeria rubra 63) Calotropis gigantea 88) Microcoleus chthonoplastes 89) Entophysalis deusta 90) Anacystis aeruginosa 91) Anacystis dimidiate 92) Anacystis montana 93) Johannesbaptistia pellucida 94) Entophysalis deusta 95) Hydrocoleum comoides 96) Hydrocoleum confluens 97) Hydrocoleum glutinosum 98) Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum 99) Lyngbya aestuarii 100) Lyngbya confervoides 101) Lyngbya infixa 102) Lyngbya majuscula 103) Lyngbya semiplena 104) Microcoleus acutissima 105) Microcoleus chthonoplastes 106) Microcoleus paludosus 107) Microcoleus tenerrimus 108) Phormidium gardneranum 109) Phormidium papyraceum 110) Porphyrosiphon fuscus 111) Schizothrix creswellii 112) Schizothrix heufleri 113) Schizothrix lamyi 114) Schizothrix longiarticulata 115) Schizothrix taylorii 116) Spirulina subsalsa 117) Spirulina tenerrima 118) Sumploca hydnoides 119) Nodularia sphaerocarpa 120) Nostoc calciocola 121) Plectonema nostocorum 122) Plectonema terebrans 123) Scytonema hofmanni 124) Calothrix crustaceae Degener and Degener (1959) noted that lichens, mosses and ferns have not been found on Abariringa (Canton). McIntire (1960) noted that many parts of Abariringa (Canton) had a hardpan found at various depths. Plant taproots were not able to penetrate this layer. McIntire (1960) divided natural vegetation into three major groups: (1) communities dominated by trees, Cordia subcordata, and Messeerschmidia argentea; (2) communities dominated by shrubs Scaevola and Suriana-Sesuvium, and (3) the Portulaca herbaceous community. McIntire (1960) provided detail discussions on each of these three native plant communities on Abariringa (Canton). 25
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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