Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 7. Regulations, Laws and International Agreements Draft 1 March 2007 all claims in their home islands, and their lands there would be distributed among their kin” (Maude 1952 and 1968; see also Knudsen 1977). Knudsen (1977) reported that each new settler in the Phoenix Islands was to be allocated a plot of productive land. During the 1938 Phoenix Islands Settlement Scheme, each Manra (Sydney) settler received one block of land containing 25 coconut trees at the center of the coconut tree plantation, and one block of land at the fringes of the planted area (Knudsen 1965; Maude 1952 and 1968). An addition block of land was given to each settler at the center of the plantation in the village for his house. Each child was also given a block of unplanted land that, if not planted with coconuts within 5 years, would revert to the government. All titles were freehold. Lots were drawn to determine assignment of blocks. A two week grace period was provided so that settlers could exchange blocks if so desired. A land book was used to register land ownership. The demarcation of kainga land (30.5 m (100 ft) wide running in strips from the lagoon to the sea) and house plots on Nikumaroro were completed (Laxton 1951). According to Garnett (1983a), all of the Phoenix Islands were owned by the Government of Kiribati. International Ownership – In 1937, the Phoenix Islands were placed under the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony (Bryan 1941 and 1942). In 1938, the U.S. claimed sovereignty over the Phoenix Islands. In 1939, the U.S. and Great Britain agreed to jointly administer the Phoenix Islands for 50 years. In 1979, the U.S. surrendered its sovereignty claims over the Phoenix Islands to the Government of Kiribati under the 1979 Treaty of Friendship (Trease 1993). Garnett (1983b) reported that American Samoa also claimed Abariringa (Canton). After the U.S. satellite and missile tracking station was closed in 1979, a small group of I-Kiribati were based on Abariringa (Canton) to ensure that the American Samoans did not occupy it. PROTECTED STATUS Birds - In the amended ordinance, all regularly occurring species of birds, their eggs, and nests are fully protected (see also Dahl 1980). Wildlife sanctuaries – Wildlife sanctuaries have been established in Rawaki (Phoenix), McKean, and Birnie (Anon. 1985; Government of Kiribati 1977; L.N. 24/77 according to Pulea and Farrier 1993). Garnett (1983a) listed the current protection status of islands in the Phoenix Islands (see Table III-6.8). Table III-6.8. Current Protection Status of the Phoenix Islands (source: Garnett 1983a). Island Protection Status Abariringa (Canton, Kanton) None. Birnie Wildlife Sanctuary Enderbury None Manra (Sydney) None 16
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 7. Regulations, Laws and International Agreements Draft 1 March 2007 McKean Wildlife Sanctuary Nikumaroro (Gardner) None Orona (Hull) None Rawaki (Phoenix) Wildlife Sanctuary Designated conservation area on Orona – According to Tioti et al (2001), Ueantabo (personal communication) reported that a conservation area had been established in the lagoon on Orona about one-third the size of the island (see Figure III-6.3 below). Figure III-6.3. Designated conservation area on Orona. (source: Tioti et al 2001) Green turtles - Under the Wildlife Conservation Ordinance, green turtles, their eggs, and nests were protected in most of the Phoenix Islands, excluding Abariringa (Canton) and Enderbury (Anon. 1985; see also Dahl 1980; see also Government of Kiribati 1977). According to Pulea and Farrier (1993), the green turtle was fully protected in the following designated areas: Birnie, Nikumaroro (Gardner), Orona (Orana, Hull), McKean, Rawaki (Phoenix), and Manra (Sydney). Prohibited acts included: (1) hunting, killing or capturing, (2) possession of any part, (3) searching for, taking, or wilfully destroying or damaging eggs and nests, and (4) possession, acquiring, selling or giving eggs or nests. Pulea and Farrier (1993) note that green turtles were protected on certain Phoenix Islands, but were not protected at sea. Other turtle species - Other marine turtles were protected on land by Section 7 of the Wildlife Conservation Ordinance (Pulea and Farrier 1993). Hunting, capture, and killing other marine turtles while on land were prohibited without a permit. However, like the green turtle, they were not protected at sea. Subtidal conservation area - It was not known if there was a subtidal marine component for McKean, Rawaki (Phoenix), and Birnie Wildlife Sanctuaries in the Phoenix Islands (Bleakley 1995). Pulea and Farrier (1993) noted that there appeared to be no reason why a wildlife sanctuary could not be declared over an area of the seabed. Marine mammals - Sharp (n.d.) noted that there was no protection for marine mammals under Kiribati law. C. I NTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL AGREEMENTS 17
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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