Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Neilson (2002) listed mammals that had been introduced to Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.31 above). Neilson (2002) reported that the rats on Nikumaroro were abundant and healthy (see also Obura and Stone 2003). Pierce et al (2006) identified mammals observed on Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki and compared them with previously recorded species (see Table III-3.32 above). Pierce et al (2006) estimated the populationof mammal species on Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, Rawaki (see Table III-3.33 above). Pierce et al (2006) reported that the house cat, Felis catus, appeared to have disappeared from Nikumaroro. Pierce et al (2006) reported that the dog, Canis familiaris, had disappeared from Nikumaroro. Pierce et al (2006) noted the presence of the Pacific rat on Nikumaroro. ORONA (HULL) The 1838 to 1842 U.S. Exploring Expedition collected various specimens of rat, including the wandering rat, Mus exulans Peale from Orona (Hull) (Bartlett (1940). Poole and Schantz (1942) reported on the type specimens in the U.S. National Museum included measurements of Mus exulans from Orona (Hulls) collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition. In 1887, Ellis landed on Orona (Hull) with his brother, 3 Niueans, 20,000 coconuts and a dog (Ellis 1937). Ellis (1937) reported an immense number of rats. The rat was smaller in size than the common rat. Bryan (1934) reported rats on Orona (Hull). Bryan (1941) noted that Polynesian rats were found on Orona (Hull). Bryan (1941 and 1942) noted that cats, dogs, and pigs were raised domestically on Orona (Hull). When Orona (Hull) was evacuated in 1961, dogs and cats were left behind (King 1973). The Gilbertese colonists that had been relocated to the Solomon Islands had to leave their dogs behind (Anon. 1964). These dogs took refuge in equal numbers in the Roman Catholic and LMS missions. In May 1964, poison bait was laid out. On the return voyage, no live dogs were observed. King (1973) reported that a few cats and dogs were still present on Orona (Hull). Their reproductive state was not known. King (1973) recommended that dogs and cats (when present) be removed from Orona (Hull), Nikumaroro (Gardner), Manra (Sydney), and Enderbury. 110
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Garnett (1983) noted that the only mammals on Orona (Hull) were the Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans, cats, dogs and pigs. The status of the cats, dogs, and pigs were not known in 1963. Rats were found on Orona (PIKS Project Manager 2002). Government of Kiribati (1995) noted that the Polynesian rat on Orona had no damaging effects. In 2002, two female cats were taken from Kiritimati to the Phoenix Islands (Bukaireiti and Rabaua (2002). However, enroute, they were thrown overboard. There were concerns about establishing a cat population on Orona. Bukaeireiti and Rabaua (2002) observed that rats were abundant on Orona. Neilson (2002) reported that residents of Orona had introduced cats to control the rats, but that bird populations were now vulnerable to the cats. Neilson (2002) listed mammals that had been introduced to Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.31 above). Neilson (2002) reported that pigs that been introduced to Abariringa (Kanton) and Orona. However, all pigs sent to Orona had disappeared. They had either died, escaped or had been eaten. Pierce et al (2006) reported that the Pacific rat, Rattus exulans, had disappeared from Orona. This population may have been dramatically reduced or eliminated following a Warfarin R toxin application to control rats there (Tiare Etei personal communication in Pierce et al 2006). No further details were available on this application. Pierce et al (2006) identified mammals observed on Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki and compared them with previously recorded species (see Table III-3.32 above). Pierce et al (2006) estimated the populationof mammal species on Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, Rawaki (see Table III-3.33 above). Pierce et al (2006) reported that there was a small population of cats, Felis catus, on Orona. Pierce et al (2006) reported that the dog, Canis familiaris, and pig, Sus scrofa, had vanished from Orona. RAWAKI (PHOENIX) In the late 1860’s an American guano company was working on Rawaki (Phoenix) at about the time rabbits were liberated there (Watson 1961; see also Bryan 1942). Lister (1891) reported that the rabbits had been left by guano workers. Ellis (1946) noted that rabbits were left by Americans when they worked the phosphate-guano deposits there in the late 1800’s (see also Baarslag 1940; Ellis 1937). Maude (1937) reported that the Phoenix Guano Company left the rabbits on Rawaki (Phoenix). Lister (1891) reported rabbits were fairly plentiful (see also Watson 1961). 111
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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