Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN Chapter III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Hydrographer of the Navy (1969) reported coconut palms in places. Inside of the raised beach, there was coarse grass and low scrub. Fosberg et al (n.d.) noted several weeds that had been brought to Abariringa (Canton) and that had persisted. These included: Cenchrus echinatus, Eleusine indica, Portulaca oleracea, Euphorbia hirta, E. glomerifera, Pluchea carolinensis, P. indica, Tridax procumbens, and Vernonia cinera. During dry years on Abariringa (Canton), plants dried up (Bryan 1974). During wet years, with ten to fourteen times as much rainfall, luxurious vegetation grew. Bryan (1974) presented a list of native plant species for Abariringa (Canton) and Enderbury (see Table III-3.8 below). Table III-3.8. Plants not believed to have been recently introduced to Abariringa (Canton) and Enderbury by man (source: Bryan 1974) scientific name common name islands Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass Abariringa (Canton) Digitaria pacifica Crabgrass Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Eragrostis whitney native lovegrass Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Lepturus repens wiry bunchgrass Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Frimbristylis cymosa button sedge Abariringa (Canton) Boerhaavia diffusa Boerhaavia creeper Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Sesuvium portulacastrum sea purslane Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Portulaca lutea yellow portulaca Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Portulaca oleraceae common purslane Enderbury Sida fallax Ilima Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Ipomoea brasiliensis beach morning glory Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Ipomoea alba white moonflower Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Cordia subcordata Kou Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Messerschmidia argentea tree heliotrope Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Scaevola taccada v. sericea Naupaka, beach scaevola Abariringa (Canton) Guinther (1978) reported that Chlrophyll a concentrations in lagoonal ponds, potholes, and water filled burrows ranged from 1 to over 3,000 µg/lt. Garnett (1983) provided a narrative description of plants species and their locations on Abariringa (Canton). Garnett (1983) noted that several introduced plant species will most likely persist including: Trees and large shrubs Small shrubs and herbs 1) Cocos nucifera 2) Casuarina glauca 3) Casuarina equisetifolia 4) Coccoloba uvifera 5) Cordia sebestena 6) Lantana camara 1) Cyperus rotundus 2) Eragrostis tenella 3) Euphorbia glomerifera 4) Euphorbia hirta 5) Euphorbia prostrata 6) Phyllanthus amarus 28
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN Chapter III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 7) Leucaena leucocephalus 8) Morinda citrifolia 9) Pandanus tectorius 10) Tamarix aphylla 11) Polyscias guilfoylei 12) Terminalia muelleria 7) Portulaca oleracea 8) Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Garnett (1983) estimated vegetative cover on Abariringa (Canton) based on major plant species. These estimates were as follows: Vegetation type Area (ha) Cordia forest 3.4 Messerschmidia forest 12.1 Scaevola scrub 71.2 Suriana-Sesuvium 99.1 Portulaca community 230.5 Bare 269.9 Disturbed 468.9 Total 1,155.2 Endemic vegetation on Nikumaroro, Orona and Abariringa (Kanton) were the last remaining large stands found in the Phoenix Islands (SPREP 1992). Fosberg and Stoddart (1994) provided a detail discussion of each species recorded for the Phoenix Islands. A summary of plant species reported and discussed in Fosberg and Stoddart (1994) is provided in Table III-3.3 above. In 1995, only a few coconut trees were observed on Abariringa (Tunaari) except at Tebaronga and Umari (Government of Kiribati 1995). Terieta and Bikentabakea trees looked unhealthy. This was attributed to the hard pan in the area. In 1995, 75 percent of Abariringa (Tunaari) was coverd with the saltbush, Cordia subcordata, and Tournefortia argentea (Government of Kiribati 1995). Only a few pandanus were found at Tebaronga. There were also three breadfruit trees, two of which had fruit. At Umari, there were healthy pine (Christmas) trees. At Tebaronga, there were hibiscus plants and te biku. Mueller-Dombois and Fosberg (1998) reported that coconut plantations were attempted on almost all islands in the central Pacific. They failed on the driest ones such as Abariringa (Canton). In the 2000 census, the Statistics Office (2002) reported that the 61 residents were raising breadfruit, babai, banana, pawpaw, kumala, and other vegetables. Neilson (2002) noted the number of plant species present on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Manra, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki, and the plant habitats present for each island (see Table III-3.4 above). Pierce et al (2006) noted that most pest plants in the Phoenix Islands were on Abariringa (Kanton). The invasive plant, lantana, Lantana camara, extended over a large portion of the village and former military base. 29
Page 1 and 2:
The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
Page 5 and 6:
List of Acronyms Acronym full name
Page 7 and 8:
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANA
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174: PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANA
Page 205 and 206: 9 PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MA
Page 207 and 208: 11 PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA M
Page 209 and 210: 13 PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA M
Page 223: PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANA
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473:
show all

Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?