Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 BIRNIE Hermit crabs were found on Birnie (Hydrographic Office 1940). They were more numerous than the rats (Bukaeireiti and Rabaua 2002). According to Garnett (1983), there was one species of Arachnida on Birnie, Ornithodoros capensis. Pierce et al (2006) examined the species diversity of various terrestrial crab species on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.14 above). Crabs species included the hermit crab, Coenobita spp., land crab, Cardisoma spp., and coconut crab, Birgus latra. ENDERBURY Hermit crabs were found on Enderbury (Hydrographic Office 1940). Abbott (1966) reported that thousands of hermit crabs now inhabit the abandoned guano worker houses. King (1973) noted that hermit crabs have been observed causing mortality in large sooty tern colonies (800,000 birds) and in frigatebird colonies. Bryan (1974) claimed that the principal damage done to the large colony of sooty terns and frigatebirds was caused by hermit crabs. Garnett (1983) reported two species of spiders (Arachnida) on Enderbury: Argasidae, Ornithodoros capensis, and Ixodidae, Ixodes amersoni. In 1995, land crabs were found on Enderbury (Government of Kiribati 1995). 58
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 In 2002, coconut crabs were observed breaking bird eggs with their pincers (Yoshinaga 2002). According to Yoshinaga (2002), “small red coconut crabs were common in troicbird nests under shrubs and rock shelves.” Pierce et al (2006) examined the species diversity of various terrestrial crab species on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.14 above). Crabs species included the hermit crab, Coenobita spp., land crab, Cardisoma spp., and coconut crab, Birgus latra. MANRA (SYDNEY) Hermit crabs were found on Manra (Sydney) (Hydrographic Office 1940; see also Bryan 1941 and 1942). Garnett (1983) reported the hermit crab, Coenobita sp., on Manra (Sydney). Garnett (1983) also noted the presence of spiders on Manra (Sydney). Government of Kiribati (1995) reported hermit and land crabs on Manra. Kepler (2000) reported that two medium-large coconut crabs were transported from Flint Island to Manra and released. MCKEAN Several kinds of crabs were noted on McKean (Hydrographic Office 1940). Bryan (1941 and 1942) noted that hermit and other crabs were present on McKean. Garnett (1983) reported the hermit crab, Coenobita perlata, and land crab, Geograpsus grayii, on McKean. Garnett (1983) reported the Arachinda, Ornithodoros capensis, on McKean. Pierce et al (2006) examined the species diversity of various terrestrial crab species on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.14 above). Crabs species included the hermit crab, Coenobita spp., land crab, Cardisoma spp., and coconut crab, Birgus latra. NIKUMARORO (GARDNER) Coconut crabs were so numerous that in the 1880’s Niue workers named the island, “motu oonga”, island of coconut crabs (Bryan 1941 and 1942). Ellis (1937) reported that there were extraordinary numbers of large coconut crabs on Nikumaroro (Gardner) (see also Wiens 1962). Many were up to 3.6 kg (8 pounds). There were only 7 or 8 coconut trees on the island, so they must have fed on something else besides coconuts. During the 1937 survey of Nikumaroro (Gardner) in advance of resettlement, a landing party was sent ashore (Bevington 1990; see also Maude 1937). After the first night, when they 59
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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