Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Buddle (1938) probably saw lesser frigatebirds on Abariringa (Canton) (according to Sibley and Clapp 1967). As part of the 1938 Line Islands Expedition, Donaggho (1952 and 1953) visited Abariringa (Canton) and reported that bird life was considerably more scarce than at Howland. White terns and bo’son birds were the only bird in abundance. Fifty bo’sun birds were banned. Noddies, Christmas Island shearwater, red-footed boobies, frigatebirds, and Phoenix petrels were also observed. Gardner (1938) speculated that rats on Abariringa (Canton) lived on bird eggs which resulted in bird populations on Abariringa (Canton) being less than on Enderbury. Bryan (1940a) reported that the largest bird species was the great frigage of man-o-war bird, Fregata minor palmerstoni. It outnumbered all other birds on Abariringa (Canton). According to Bryan (1940a), Bundle (1938) reported seeing the magnificent frigate bird, Fregata magnificans, flying with the greater frigate, but was not reported to nest on Abariringa (Canton). The next largest birds and also abundant (Bryan 1940a) were the three species of boobies, the blue-faced booby, Sula dactylatra personata, the red-footed booby, Sula sula rubripes, and the brown booby, Sula leucogastra plotus. The red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchos, was also fairly abundant (Bryan 1940a). There were four species of shearwaters and petrels that have been observed on Abriringa (Canton) (Bryan 1940a). These included the wedge-tailed shearwater, Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus, the Christmas Islands shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis, the dusky shearwater, Puffinus ilherminieri dicrous, and the Phoenix petrel, Pterodroma alba. Also, eight species of terns have been reported from Abariringa (Canton) (Bryan 1940a). These colonies come and go. The wideawake or sooty tern, Sterna fuscata oahuensis, spectacled or bridled tern, Sterna lunata, and brown noddy, Anous stolidus pileatus, were abundant. The white tern, Gygis alba, and the blue-gray noddy, Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi were common, but not numerous. The crested tern, Thalasseus bergii cristatus, brownwinged tern, Sterna anaethetus, and black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana, were observed within flocks of other more abundant species. Other species were migratory (Bryan 1940a). This included the Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis dominicus fulvus, the turnstone, Arenaria interpres, the wandering tattler, Heteroscelus incanus, and the bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius tahitensis. Mathews (1942) proposed a new subspecies of birds from Abariringa (Canton), Pterodroma alba cantonia subsp. nov. He noted that this subspecies bred in June or July on Abariringa (Canton). During World War II, most birds left Abariringa (Canton) due to the test firing of canons and massive construction on the island (Oates 2003). After the military left in 1946, birds slowly moved back to Abariringa (Canton). In 1943, the dredging of the channel was completed and Spam island was created. Spam island became a natural bird sanctuary. Bird populations flourished there after the war. 80
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Porter (1950) observed colonies of frigate birds, Frigata minor palmerstoni, red-footed boobies, Sula sula rubripes, blue-faced boobies, Sula dacctylatra personata, at one quarter mile intervals along the 30 miles of roads on Abariringa (Canton). In addition, plover, sooty terns, red-tailed tropic birds, Phaethon rubricauda, and fairy terns were observed in large numbers. Bunker (1951) noted frigate birds, three species of booby, golden plovers, bosun’s birds, and several species of terns. Bailey (1952) reported collecting specimens of sea brids on Abariringa (Canton). These included: man-o’-war-birds, red-footed and blue-faced boobies, grey backed and white terns, and red-tailed tropicbirds. Murphy et al (1954) noted the enorous numbers of hermit crabs on Abariringa (Canton) and reported that they periodically destroy whole populations newly hatched chicks of greyheaded tern colonies. Murphy et al (1954) noted abundant numbers of Polynesian rats, Mus exulans. Prior to World War II, it was thought that these rats may have been responsible for the reduced avaifauna of Abariringa (Canton). Murphy et al (1954) combined information from a variety of sources regarding Abariringa (Canton) avifauna and summarized them by species. The following bird species were summarized and discussed by Murphy et al (1954). 1) Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus, 2) Puffinus lherminieri dichrous, 3) Puffinus nativitatis, 4) Pterodroma alba, 5) Phaethon lepturus, 6) Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchos, 7) Sula dactylatra personata, 8) Sula leucogaster plotus, 9) Sula sula subspecies, 10) Fregata minor palmerstoni, 11) Fregata ariel, 12) Anas platyrhynchos, 13) Spatula clypeata, 14) Pluvialis dominicus fulvus, 15) Arenaria interpres interpres, 16) Numenius tahitiensis, 17) Heteroscelus incanus, 18) Pisobia acuminata, 19) Crocethia alba, 20) Sterna fuscata oahuensis, 21) Sterna lunata, 22) Sterna anaethetus anaethetus, 23) Sterna sumatrana sumatrana, 24) Thalasseus bergii cristatus, 25) Anous stolidus pileatus, 26) Anous minutus melanogenys, 27) Gygis alba candida, 28) Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi Walker (1955) noted that parakeets were popular pets on Abariringa (Canton). Witherspoon (1957) reported turnstones, golden plovers, gray-backed terns, sooty terns, black noddies, brown noodies, man-o-war birds, brown boobies, blue-faced boobies, red-footed boobies, white fairy terns, red-tailed tropic birds, Phoenix Islands petrel, and wedge-tailed shearwaters on Abariringa (Canton). McIntire (1960) noted that Scaevola scrub on the southeastern part of Abariringa (Canton) was an important nesting area for enormous numbers of sea birds, including frigatebirds, Fregata minor palmerstoni, and red-footed boobies, Sula sula rubripes. McIntire (1960) 81
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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