Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 1. Physical Setting of the Islands Draft 1 March 2007 In the 1980s, four German cruises (Midpac 1 to IV) were undertaken in the Pacific (Line Islands, Gilbert Islands, Phoenix Islands, and Marshall Islands) (Glasby 2002). The Phoenix Islands were oriented along the equator and was predominantly influenced by the westward-flowing Equatorial Current (northern equatorial branch of the South Equatorial Current (BEN) and south equatorial branch of the South Equatorial Current (BES)) (Tuna and Billfish Assessment Program 1993). The Phoenix Islands were subject to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that occurs every two to seven years and lasts for 18 to 24 months. During ENSO events, the westward tradewinds were reduced and variations and even reversal of the main currents. This deepens the eastern Pacific thermocline. The Tuna and Billfish Assessment Programme (1993) provided diagrams of the seasonal changes in major equatorial surface currents around the Phoenix Islands. These are provided in Figures III-1.11 to III-1.18 below. Figure III-1.11. Major currents around the Phoenix Islands in MARCH Including below the surface temperature and current profiles. (source: Tuna and Billfish Assessment Programme 1993). 17
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 1. Physical Setting of the Islands Draft 1 March 2007 Figure III-1.12. Major currents around the Phoenix Islands in JUNE Including below the surface temperature and current profiles. (source: Tuna and Billfish Assessment Programme 1993). Figure III-1.13. Major currents around the Phoenix Islands in SEPTEMBER Including below the surface temperature and current profiles. (source: Tuna and Billfish Assessment Programme 1993). 18
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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