Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 awoke they realized that the thick callous on their feet had been eaten by hungry hermit crabs. On the second night, natives collected and ate 30 coconut crabs. Most of the landing party became sick from the rich meal. There were crabs on Nikumaroro (Gardner) (Hydrographic Office 1940). According to Baarslag (1940), Nikumaroro (Gardiner) was overrun with coconut crabs, Birgus latro, that weigh up to 3.6 kg (8 pounds). There were also land and hermit crabs (Bryan 1941 and 1942). Maude (1952) reported that Nikumaroro (Gardner) had some of the largest coconut crabs in the Pacific. Garnett (1983) noted that the coconut crab, Birgus latro, were still present in large numbers. In addition there were land crabs, probably Cardisoma carnifex, and land hermit crabs, Coenobita sp. on Nikumaroro (Gardner). In 1995, coconut crabs were observed at Maroro and Etanterawa on Nikumaroro (Government of Kiribati 1995). Coconut trees were crowded at Niku, so it was assumed that coconut crabs were also there. Land and hermit crabs were also found in large numbers. In January 2000, coconut crabs were extremely sparse (Kepler 2000). Only 3 were observed after many hours of searching. Land crabs, Cardisoma carnifex, occupied coconut crab burrows. Kepler (2000) noted that during the 1999 expedition to Nikumaroro to find evidence of Amelia Earhart there, the Fijian crew ate every coconut crab in sight. Kepler (2000) advised the organizers of the Earhart expedition that they should not harvest coconut crabs. King et al (2001) reported coconut crabs on Nikumaroro. Bukaeireiti and Rabaua (2002) noted that coconut crabs were abundant on Nikumaroro. Pierce et al (2006) examined the species diversity of various terrestrial crab species on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.14 above). Crabs species included the hermit crab, Coenobita spp., land crab, Cardisoma spp., and coconut crab, Birgus latra. ORONA (HULL) Hermit crabs were present on Orona (Hull) (Bryan 1934). Bryan (1941 and 1942) reported that land and hermit crabs were found on Orona (Hull). Garnett (1983) noted that there were land and hermit crabs on Orona (Hull) (see also Bryan 1942). In 1995, land and hermit crabs were noted on Orona (Government of Kiribati 1995). Coconut crabs were also observed. In January 2000, signs of coconut crabs were identified (1 pile of shredded fibers) (Kepler 2000). However, no coconut crabs were observed. Kepler (2000) noted that land crabs, Cardisoma carnifex were abundant. 60
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Pierce et al (2006) examined the species diversity of various terrestrial crab species on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.14 above). Crabs species included the hermit crab, Coenobita spp., land crab, Cardisoma spp., and coconut crab, Birgus latra. RAWAKI (PHOENIX) Lister (1891) reported that a large scarlet hermit crab was abundant and had attacked bird specimens that had been collected. Hermit crabs were on Rawaki (Phoenix) (Hydrographic Office 1940). Garnett (1983) noted the presence of the hermit crab, Coenobita perlata, on Rawaki (Phoenix). According to Garnett (1983), there were two species of Arachnida on Rawaki (Phoenix): Ornithodoros capensis, and Ixodes amersoni. Pierce et al (2006) examined the species diversity of various terrestrial crab species on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.14 above). Crabs species included the hermit crab, Coenobita spp., land crab, Cardisoma spp., and coconut crab, Birgus latra. E. AMPHIBIANS ABARIRINGA (CANTON) There were no amphibians on Abariringa (Canton) (McIntire 1960; Degener and Gillaspy 1955). F. REPTILES Anderson (2002) noted that no pre-historic faunal extinctions have been recorded yet for the Phoenix Islands. Bryan (1974) noted that the two species of lizards that were common on Pacific Islands included the snake-eyed skink, Ablepharus boutonii poecilopleura, and the morning gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris. Pierce et al (2006) recorded reptiles observed in Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.15 below). Table III-3.15. Lizard species recorded on the Phoenix Islands, April to May 2006. (source: Pierce et al 2006). 61
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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