Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 MANRA (SYDNEY) In 2000, the leeward sites of Manra had 20 to 30 percent coral coverage, followed by a mixture of fleshy algae, rubble, and sand (Stone et al 2001). On the windward side, there were large expanses of partially living coral rubble with coralline and turf algae growing on rubble. South et al (2001) reported on marine algae collected from Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix) in 2000 by the New England Aquarium Expedition (see also Stone et al 2001). A total of 69 taxa were identified (see Table III-4.1 above). MCKEAN Hollenberg (1968a) reported the marine algae, Centrocera apiculatum, on other algae from McKean. Hollenberg (1968c) proposed several new tetrasporic algae, Polysiphonia, species and varieties including Polysiphonia poko var. poko var nov. This was based in part to specimens that were found on Halimeda sp. from McKean. Polysiphonia scopulorum var. scopulorum comb. nov. was also proposed. This was based in part to a specimen that was found on Halimeda sp. from McKean. Polysiphonia sparsa comb. nov. was also proposed. This was based in part to a specimen from McKean. In 2000, algae (turf and fleshy algae), rubble, and coralline algae were abundant around McKean (Stone et al 2001). South et al (2001) reported on marine algae collected from Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix) in 2000 by the New England Aquarium Expedition (see also Stone et al 2001). A total of 69 taxa were identified (see Table III-4.1 above). NIKUMARORO (GARDNER) Hollenberg (1968a) reported the marine algae, Centrocera apiculatum, on Halimeda from Nikumaroro (Gardner). Hollenberg (1968b) described a new species of epiphytic algae, Herposiponia dendroidea, in part based on specimens from Nikumaroro (Gardner), Birnie, and Enderbury. Hollenberg (1968c) proposed several new tetrasporic algae, Polysiphoni, species and varieties including Polysiphonia poko var. longii var nov. This was based in part to a specimen that was found with matted algae on Nikumaroro (Gardner). In 1995, a survey team noted that seaweed might grow well on Nikumaroro (Government of Kiribati 1995). 5
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 In 2000, the coralline algae, Halimeda, and rubble were second most dominant substrate type behind corals (Stone et al 2001). Coralline algae dominated in shallower waters. Halimeda and rubble dominated deeper unconsolidated slopes. South et al (2001) reported on marine algae collected from Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix) in 2000 by the New England Aquarium Expedition (see also Stone et al 2001). A total of 69 taxa were identified (see Table III-4.1 above). ORONA (HULL) Two test seaweed farms were established one at a site opposite Moantewa and the other at the north end of this village (Government of Kiribati 1995). In 2000, at algae corner on Orona, a filamentous whispy brown algae, Halimeda and other algae covering all surfaces (Stone et al 2001). This suggested high nutrient levels in that area. Small tufts of brown algae dominated the habitat at the entrance to the lagoon. South et al (2001) reported on marine algae collected from Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix) in 2000 by the New England Aquarium Expedition (see also Stone et al 2001). A total of 69 taxa were identified (see Table III-4.1 above). Tioti et al (2001) conducted algal surveys on Orona to assess ciguatera there. Halimeda sp. and filamentous algae were collected for subsequent analysis. Neilson (2002) reported that the first attempt at seaweed culture on Orona in 2000 failed because of overgrazing by turtles and insufficient seedstock (see also Timeon 2001). This was part of the Phoenix Islands Kakai Scheme. The second attempt at seaweed culture had just begun with the arrival of new seed stock 8 days prior to the arrival of the Phoenix Islands Expedition team (Neilson 2002). Six separate plots of seaweed had been distributed around Orona. Neilson (2002) presented 5 day results of seaweed growth trials on Orona. The trial sites were all inside of the lagoon. Obura (in press) noted that the western point of Orona was unique for the Phoenix Islands as it was dominated by turf and fleshy algae (both brown algae and Halimeda) with < 5 percent coral cover. The algae were present even before recent human settlement in 2001. RAWAKI (PHOENIX) Hollenberg (1968c) proposed several new tetrasporic algae, Polysiphonia, species and varieties including Polysiphonia anomala. This was based in part to a specimen that was found on Halimeda sp. from Rawaki (Phoenix). In 2000, coralline algae was the next dominant benthic cover (behind coral) in shallow water around Rawaki (Phoenix) (Stone et al 2001). Rubble was the dominant cover in deeper water. 6
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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