Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Conus sponsalis* 1 Cone shell Conidae Abariringa (Canton) Conus erbaeus* 1 Cone shell Conidae Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury Conus lividus* 1 Cone shell Conidae Abariringa (Canton) Conus catus Cone shell Conidae Enderbury PULMONATES Melamphus sp. * 1 Ear snail Elobiidae Abariringa (Canton) *notes: 1. Also identified in Bryan (1955). 2. Bryan (1955) also listed Mitra kitterara and Mitra cucumerina, Mitridae, the miter shell as a gastropod found on Abariringa (Canton). 3. Byran (1974) listed Drupa ricinus. In the 1970’s, Dr. Reed Fautin visited Abariringa (Canton) as part of a U.S. Army medical team to control a gastro-intestinal disease outbreak there (Dunn and Dunn 2005). While there, he made a cowry collection. The following 16 cowry species were identified: Cypraea isabella, C. teres, C. irrorata, C. fimbriata, C. poraria, C. helvola, C. caputserpentis, C. carneola, C. depressa, C. scurra, C. tigris, C. mauritiana, C. nucleus, C. bistrinotata, C. globulus, and C. moneta. Smith and Henderson (1976 and 1978) reported that 90 species of micro-mollusks were recorded from Abariringa (Canton). These were collected from the reef slope, outer lagoon, and inner lagoon (see also Kay 1978). Kay (1978) analyzed sediment samples three habitats of Abariringa (Canton) for micromollusks (including primarily bivalves and gastropods). Habitats included: seaward outer reef, clear water lagoon, and inner turbid lagoon. The first two habitats had low standing stocks of micro-mollusks, but high species diversity primarily of micro-herbivores. The inner lagoon had high standing stocks, but low species diversity of suspension feeders. Micromollusks were less than 10 mm in greatst diameter. Ninety species of mollusks were recorded from samples. However, no complete species list was provided in Kay (1978). Standing crops averaged 9.9 shells per cm 3 . Kay (1978) summarized micro-mollusks by trophic structure (see Table III-4.11 below). Table III-4.11. Trophic structure of micro-mollusks in sediment samples from Abariringa (Canton) in percent present for each habitat. (source: Kay 1978) *see Kay (1978) for species included within each trophic structure. + signifies less than 1% of assemblages. 27
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Yeeting (1988) reported the presence of giant clam, Tridacna maxima, on the southern side of Abariringa (Canton). Yeeting (1988) recommended that a survey be conducted to determine the presence of T. gigas. Sims et al (1990) noted that Abariringa (Canton) may have potential for pearl oyster culture. Fisheries Department should conduct a stock assessment for pearl oysters. Visual censuses of reef fish were conducted in the lagoon between Tirieta and Uamari (Government of Kiribati 1995). Clams were found between Bikentabwakea and Umari at a density of 15 to 20 clams per m 2 . Pearl oysters were not found. They had been heavily exploited by local divers. The oyster, te bwere, occurred in abundance. In 2000, Tridacna sp. was observed at three of the four sites surveyed on Abariringa (Stone et al 2001). In 2002, surveys of selected invertebrate diversity and abundance were conducted in the Phoenix Islands (Obura and Stone 2003). Abariringa, Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki were surveyed. ENDERBURY Bryan (1974) presented a table listing the bivalves found on Abariringa (Canton) and Enderbury. This was modified and presented below (see Table III-4.10 above). In 1995, clams were found at a density of 5 to 7 clams per m 2 (Government of Kiribati 1995). Sea cucumbers were at 1 to 2 per m 2 . In 2000, Tridacna sp were observed in moderate numbers at Enderbury (Stone et al 2001). In 2002, surveys of selected invertebrate diversity and abundance were conducted in the Phoenix Islands (Obura and Stone 2003). Abariringa, Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki were surveyed. MANRA (SYDNEY) Fish and mollusks were abundant in the lagoon until it became too salty (Bryan 1941 and 1942). In 1995, pearl oyster surveys were planned, but cancelled due to the aggressive sharks (Government of Kiribati 1995). In 2002, surveys of selected invertebrate diversity and abundance were conducted in the Phoenix Islands (Obura and Stone 2003). Abariringa, Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki were surveyed. MCKEAN 28
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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