Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 South et al (2001) reported on marine algae collected from Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix) in 2000 by the New England Aquarium Expedition (see also Stone et al 2001). A total of 69 taxa were identified (see Table III-4.1 above). B. CORALS & OTHER COELENTERATA In 1842, Charles Darwin published his work on the structure and distribution of coral reefs (Darwin 1962). Various reefs were examined, including Manra (Sydney), Rawaki (Phoenix), and Nikumaroro (Gardner). Abariringa (Mary) could not be identified based on the information available at that time. During the 1973 environmental survey of Abariringa (Canton) atoll lagoon, 82 species of coral were identified (Oates 2003). Karlson and Cornell (1998) examined coral species richness of various regions in the world. For the Phoenix Islands, a regional richness rating of 78 was determined. This was relatively low in comparison with high diversity areas of the Indo-Pacific and the Indian Ocean (Southeast Asia), but higher than Hawaii, the Caribbean, and Central American. Lovell et al (2000) reported on the status of coral reefs in Kiribati including the Phoenix Islands. A summary of reef types in Abriringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, Rawaki, Carondelet Reef, and Winslow Reef were provided (see Table III-4.2 below). Table III-4.2. Descriptive information on the coral reefs of the Phoenix Islands (source: Lovell et al 2000). 7
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Phoenix Islands coral reefs had moderate coral coverage (20 to 40 percent) (Stone et al 2001). It was evident that wave energy broke coral on the north, south, and east sides of each island. Overall, coral reefs were in near pristine condition, with little to no evidence of anthropogenic influences. During the 2000 expedition reported by Stone et al (2001), 99 species of corals were identified (see Table III-4.3 below). Table III-4.3. List of coral species identified in the Phoenix Islands (source: Stone et al 2001). Acroporidae Pavona minuta Fungia fungites Acropora eacuminata Pavona varians Fungia repanda Acropora bushyensis Caryophilliidae Fungia scutaria Fungia sp. Acropora clathrata Plerogyra sinuosa Halomitra pileus Acropora cytherea Dendrophylliidae Herpolitha limax Acropora digitera Tubastrea coccinea Lithophyton edwardsi Acropora divaricata Tubastrea micrantha Podabacia motuporensis Acropora hemprichi Turbinaria mesenterina Sandalolitha robusta Acropora hyacinthus Turbinaria reniformis Merulinidae Acropora lovelli Faviidae Hydnophora microconos Acropora lutkeni Barabattoia amicorum Hydnophora rigida Acropora nasuta Cyphastrea chalcidicum Milleporidae Acropora robusta Echinopora gemmacea Millepora platyphylla Acropora sp. Echinopora hirsutissima Millepora tenella Acropora valida Favia favus Mussidae Astreopora myriophthalma Favia lizardensis Lobophyllia hemprichii Montipora aequituberculata Favia pallida Pectiniidae Montipora efflor/nodosa Favia rotumana Echinophyllia aspera Montipora foveolata Favia sp.1 Echinophyllia taylorae Montipora hoffmeisteri Favia stelligera Oxypora lacera Montipora incrassata Favites abdita Pocilloporidae 8
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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