Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Pierce et al (2006) compared the number of bird species found during offshore and terrestrial surveys for all the Phoenix Islands, except Manra (see Table III-3.25 above). Pierce et al (2006) completed preliminary estimates of the number of seabird pairs on all of the Phoenix Islands (see Table III-3.26 above). Pierce et al (2006) provided population estimates of shore and land birds in all eight of the Phoenix Islands (see Table III-3.28 above). MANRA (SYDNEY) Tristram (1886) reported that J.V. Arundel of Manra (Sydney) sent him three duck specimens. Tristram named the duck, Daflia modesta. Lister (1891) did not visit Manra (Sydney), but spent three days making soundings around the island. Lister (1891) noted the presences various bird species on Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), and Rawaki (Phoenix) (see Table III-3.16 above). Hydrographic Office (1916) reported wild ducks were found in the lagoon of Manra (Sydney). Bryan (1934) report that no land birds or wild ducks were observed on Manra (Sydney). 90
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 As part of the 1938 Phoenix Islands Settlement Scheme, chickens were introduced to Manra (Sydney) (Knudsen 1965). When Manra (Sydney) was evacuated in the 1950’s, all the chickens were killed and eaten. Bryan (1941 and 1942) noted that bird life was similar to other islands, but not as abundant. Ducks used to be seen on the ponds, but both the ducks and the ponds were gone. Child (1960) reported the blue-grey noddy (Bennett’s noddy; blue-grey fairy ternlet), Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi, on Abariringa (Canton), McKean, Rawaki (Phoenix), Manra (Sydney), and Birnie. Child (1960) reported that the blue-fced booby (masked gannet), Sula dactylatra personata, were present in small numbers on Abariringa (Canton), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), Rawaki (Phoenix), and Manra (Sydney). The red-tailed tropic-bird, Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchos, had breeding colonies on Nikumaroro (Gardner), Orona (Hull), Rawaki (Phoenix), McKean, Manra (Sydney), Abariringa (Canton) (Child 1960). The long-tailed New Zealand cuckoo, Urodynamis taitensis, was rare in the Manra (Sydney), Orona (Hull), and Nikumaroro (Gardner) (Child 1960). Clapp and Sibley (1967) reported new records of bird species for Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, Enderbury, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), and Rawaki (Phoenix) (see Table III-3.18 above). Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis group in Manra (Sydney) (see Table III-3.11 above). Wild duck were reported in the lagoon on Manra (Sydney) (Hydrographer of the Navy 1969). Bird populations were low on Manra (Sydney) (King 1973). A pre-breeding swirl of 4,000 sooty terns was observed. Clapp (1973) reported that an arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea, in breeding plumage was observed on Manra (Sydney). Garnett (1983) noted that bird nesting populations on Manra (Sydney) were low due to the Polynesian and black rats, feral cats, dogs, and pigs there. Garnett (1983) reported the following species of birds for Manra (Sydney): 1) Phaethon lepturus, 2) Phaethon rubricauda, 3) Sula dactylatra, 4) Sula leucogaster, 5) Fregata ariel, 6) Fregata minor, 7) Sterna fuscata, 8) Anous stolidus 9) Anous minutus, 10) Gygis alba 11) Pluvialis dominica, 12) Arenaria interpres, 13) Numenius tahitiensis, 14) Heteroscelus incanus, 15) Erolia acuminata, 16) Crocethia alba. 91
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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