Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 5. Fisheries Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Sibert and Hampton (2002) analyzed tuna tag results and concluded that skipjack and yellowfin were not really highly migratory, but rather were limited to ranges of about 740 to 926 km (400 to 500 nmi). Therefore regional management may not be as appropriate as subregional arrangements. Results also suggested that each island country could also implement domestic management policies that would complement sub-regional arrangements. The perspective that all tuna within an EEZ should be captured as they are only passing through may not be as valid as initially thought. No specific studies were identified regarding the status of tuna stocks in the Phoenix Islands. However, in 2003, SPC completed a review of the status of tuna stocks in the Pacific (see Langley et al 2003). Langley et al (2003) reported that at the regional level, the skipjack tuna stocks were not overfished due to the high level of recruitment and modest level of exploitation relative to the stock’s biological potential. The current regional level of harvest of 1.2 M tonne was sustainable. Langley et al (2003) reported that at the regional level, yellowfin tuna stocks were not overfished and not in an overfished state. However, yellowfin tuna were near full exploitation. Any future increase in landings may move yellowfin tuna to the overfished state. Langley et al (2003) reported that at the regional level, bigeye tuna were not overfished, but were approaching overfishing. The current level of landings might not be sustainable over the long term unless high recruitment was maintained. Langley et al (2003) reported that during El Niño events, there was a spatial shift in purse seine skipjack tuna catches in the central western Pacific to the east. ABARIRINGA (CANTON, KANTON) A baitfish survey was conducted in Abariringa (Canton) lagoon in 1949 (see June 1950). The black-fin mullet and thick-lip mullet were the most abundant bait fishes in the lagoon. Small round herring, mountain bass, and goatfish were also present along the fringe of the lagoon. In 1950, there were four baitfish trials on Abariringa (Canton) (June and Reintjes 1953). Results of these bait trials indicated the bait species present were only fair tuna bait. Also, the abundance of bait varied during the year. Bait was sufficient to supplement tuna fishing operations, but the area was not a large-scale baiting ground. Only Abariringa (Canton) and Orona (Hull) were of any importance as potential bait grounds (June and Reintjes 1953). June and Reintjes (1953) document common tuna-bait fishes from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, Enderbury, and Orona (Hull) (see Table III-5.1 above). Only Abariringa (Canton) and Orona (Hull) had potential as a potential as a baiting ground as Nikumaroro (Gardner) had an extremely dangerous passage into the lagoon. Due to the coral reefs in the lagoon, it was difficult to navigate limiting the effectiveness of baitfishing operations. As part of the South Pacific Commission’s Skipjack Survey and Assessment Programme in Kiribati waters, trial fishing was conducted west of McKean, Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury, and east of Rawaki (Phoenix) (Hallier and Kearney 1980). A total of 183 skipjack and 12 yellowfin tuna were tagged off of Abariringa (Canton). Kleiber and. Kearney (1983) reported that 182 skipjack and 16 yellowfin had been tagged off of Abariringa (Kanton). 6
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 5. Fisheries Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Itano (1992a) reported that Abariringa (Canton) lagoon had been surveyed for tuna bait, but no baitfish species were found. Strong currents limited the use of the bouke-ami lift net. Itano (1992b) reported that the lagoon at Abariringa (Canton) proved unsuitable for baiting. BIRNIE June and Reintjes (1953) document common tuna-bait fishes from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, Enderbury, and Orona (Hull) (see Table III-5.1 above). ENDERBURY June and Reintjes (1953) document common tuna-bait fishes from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, Enderbury, and Orona (Hull) (see Table III-5.1 above). As part of the South Pacific Commission’s Skipjack Survey and Assessment Programme in Kiribati waters, trial fishing was conducted west of McKean, Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury, and east of Rawaki (Phoenix) (Hallier and Kearney 1980). One skipjack tuna was tagged off of Enderbury. MCKEAN As part of the South Pacific Commission’s Skipjack Survey and Assessment Programme in Kiribati waters, trial fishing was conducted west of McKean, Abariringa (Canton), Enderbury, and east of Rawaki (Phoenix) (Hallier and Kearney 1980). A total of 184 skipjack tuna and 4 yellowfin tuna were tagged west of McKean. NIKUMARORO (GARDNER) Only Abariringa (Canton) and Orona (Hull) had potential as a baiting ground as Nikumaroro (Gardner) had an extremely dangerous passage into the lagoon (June and Reintjes 1953). ORONA (HULL) During 1950 to 1951, four visits were made to Orona (Hull) (June and Reintjes 1953). Several species of mullet were observed in varying amounts. Amounts were inadequate to attempt seining. It was doubtful that sufficient bait was present to make seining feasible. Only Abariringa (Canton) and Orona (Hull) were of any importance as potential bait grounds (June and Reintjes 1953). June and Reintjes (1953) document common tuna-bait fishes from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, Enderbury, and Orona (Hull) (see Table III-5.1 above). Only Abariringa (Canton) and Orona (Hull) had potential as a potential as a baiting ground as Nikumaroro (Gardner) had an extremely dangerous passage into the lagoon. 7
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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