Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Figure III-3.3. Dispersal of lesser frigatebirds from the Central Pacific Including the Phoenix Islands and prevailing wind patterns (source: Sibley and Clapp 1967) Clapp and Sibley (1967) reported new records of bird species for Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, Enderbury, Manra (Sydney), McKean, Nikumaroro (Gardner), and Rawaki (Phoenix) (see Table III-3.18 below). Table III-3.18. List of new records of bird species in the Phoenix Islands. (source: Clapp and Sibley 1967). Abariringa Birnie Enderbury Manra McKean Nikumaroro Rawaki (Canton) (Sydney) (Gardner) (Phoenix) Spatula clypeata X Erolia acuminata X X X X X X X Limosa lapponica X X Crocethia alba X X X X X Amerson (1968) noted that five species of birds breed only in the Line and Phoenix Islands. They included: Puffinus lherminieri, Pterodroma alba, Nesofregetta albigularis, Fregata ariel, and Thal asseus bergii. Birds that only breed in the Phoenix Islands were not identified. 68
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis group in the Phoenix Islands (see Table III-3.11 above). Sibley and McFarlane (1968) reviewed records of gulls from the Phoenix Islands. They noted that no gulls were collected by the Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program (POBSP). In 1963, gulls were seen once in the Phoenix Islands. However, this sighting was apparently from Baker Island, not one of the eight islands identified here as part of the Phoenix group. It was still a puzzle why gulls had not colonized tropical islands such as the Phoenix Islands. Fosberg et al (1973) reported that a small number of birds were being killed by collision with radar masts on the Phoenix Islands. Forsberg et al (1973) did not specify which islands these radar masts were located. It was recommended that these birds be collected and dried, then periodically turned over to scientists. Any bird band information should also be recorded. Bryan (1974) presented a table of birds common on the equatorial Pacific Islands. However, resident and migratory birds for the Phoenix Islands in general, or for each of the Phoenix Islands were not identified. Harrington (1977) reported that adult red-footed boobies from south-central Pacific islands (including the Phoenix Islands) include small number of white morph birds, and the more easily identified darker morphs. Those from Hawaii and Johnston were white morphs. The immatures from the south and north were not readily separable. Banding studies indicate that there is little mixing of red-footed boobies between the south and north Pacific. Mayr (1978) reported that the Phoenix petrel, Pterodroma alba, the black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana, the sooty tern, Sterna fuscata, the bridled tern, Sterna lunata, the crested tern, Thalasseus bergii, blue-gray fairy ternlet, Procelsterna cerulea, ranged throughout the tropical Pacific, including the Phoenix Islands. The white-throated storm petrel, Nesofregetta albigularis, the Christmas shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis, and the red-tailed tropic-bird, Phaethon rubricauda, bred in the Phoenix Islands. Schreiber and Schreiber (1988) noted that the pattern of sexual dimorphism for the great frigatebird, Fregata minor, found in the Phoenix Islands was similar to that found elsewhere. They noted that mass of birds from Phoenix Islands was the most dimorphic (1.37) of all islands, but was similar to that found on Christmas Island (1.28). Alder (1992) the Phoenix Islands were very endemic species-poor (relating to bird species). Low islands, such as the Pheonix Islands, Tokelau, Line Islands, Wake, etc. only had between one to four total endemic bird species. Neemia and Thaman (1993) reported that the bird population numbered in the millions consisting of less than a dozen families. Rare visitors included the reed warbler, Acrocephalus aequinoctialis, and the red-tailed tropic bird, Phaethon rubricanda. Marks and Redmond (1994) reported that bristle-thighed curlew under take a >6,000 km nonstop flights from Alaska to the central Pacific (including the Phoenix Islands). One model they applied indicated that curlew could make the 7,160 km flight from Alaska to the Phoenix Islands. They speculate that curlew seek out tailwinds that facilitate long-distance, non-stop flights. 69
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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