Turks and Caicos Islands

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Conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis of coastal protection at a local level: Cost-benefit analysis of coastal protection will be informed by the estimated cost of damage to specific infrastructure and properties. The specific location of infrastructure is important for estimating impacts to a high level of fidelity. Similarly, property values are highly dependent on exact location – for example in some areas the most expensive property values may be on the coast, whereas in others they may be located on a hillside. A detailed analysis of property prices by location is required as part of local level studies. The Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands, local resort owners, and local building authorities, are encouraged to collaborate with members of the research community to help develop a cost benefit analysis of coastal protection. In addition to refining estimates of costs to rebuild infrastructure (particularly in areas with high-density coastal development), there is an important need to investigate the response of international tourists and the private sector to the impacts of coastal erosion to test adaptation strategies in the tourism sector. By completing a cost-benefit analysis, decision makers will able to identify the best adaptation options to adopt and can begin to move forward in reducing the vulnerability of settlements and infrastructures in vulnerable areas. Medium Term Actions Complete a focused analysis of the vulnerability of secondary and tertiary economies to SLR and determine the economic impacts of these damages for the tourism sector. Tourism infrastructure is vulnerable in Turks and Caicos. With tourism contributing a large proportion to the national economy, the capacity of the economy to absorb and recover from proportionately higher economic losses in that sector is expected to be low. Determining the secondary and tertiary economic impacts of damages to the tourism sector and possible adaptation strategies for Turks and Caicos should be a priority for future research. This will enable the identification of the degree to which the economy of Turks and Caicos and its citizens are economically and socially vulnerable to SLR. In the event that this study finds tourism to be economically vulnerable to the impacts of SLR, then action plans could be developed to diversify the economy and provide training and tools to help workers transition to other sectors that may be less vulnerable. Assess the adaptive capacity of the tourism sector to SLR: Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Turks and Caicos. Given the close proximity of the tourism infrastructure to the coast, it is highly dependent on the attractiveness of the natural coastal environment, which has been shown to be vulnerable to SLR. More detailed analysis of the impacts of SLR for major tourism resorts, critical beach assets and supporting infrastructure (e.g. transportation networks) is needed to accurately assess the implications for inundation and erosion protection. A necessary part of this evaluation is to identify the land that can be used for tourism infrastructure and future development under a managed retreat response to SLR. Long Term Actions Review and develop policies and legal framework to support coordinated retreat from high-risk coastal areas: The Government of Turks and Caicos must review existing policy and legal frameworks to assess the responsibilities of the state and landowners for the decommissioning of coastal properties damaged by the impacts of SLR. The government should also examine the use of adaptive development permits that will allow development based on current understanding of SLR, but stipulate the conditions for longer-term coastal retreat if sea level increases to a specified level. Current coastal set-back regulations need to be reassessed in light of new SLR projections to ensure that new developments are not built in vulnerable coastal areas. 176
6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster Management Following the national review of progress on the HFA goals, the Department of Disaster Management and Emergencies has identified many strengths and weaknesses. The following recommendations are complementary to those in the HFA report and, in some cases, add further detail in an effort to enhance vulnerability and risk reduction efforts as well as permitting for effective climate change adaptation. Long Term Actions Improve national level hydro-meteorological data availability through the creation of a National Meteorological Service which can collect, manage and update databases: There is no meteorological service available in TCI and so weather forecasts are provided by the Bahamas Meteorology Department. Data must be readily available to local decision makers and should not be left depending on diplomatic relations with other countries. Especially in emergency decision making, the availability of good data quickly is imperative to successful response. In addition, the inclusion of a long term record for meteorology data allows decision making to be based on the conditions and trends specific to TCI. The Department of Disaster Management and Emergencies has acknowledged this concern and cite that they hope to fully establish the TCI Meteorological and Hydrological Services Unit by 2010. As it creation could not be confirmed, it is strongly recommended that any remaining steps be completed now for the reasons listed. Conduct capacity building and technical training programs for the Department of Disaster Management and Emergencies employees so that the current technical deficiencies can be remedied and improved technical capacities can assist all those working in the realm of disaster management: The need for training of staff for the Meteorological and Hydrological Services Unit was revealed during this research. Efforts are being made to create a local Meteorological and Hydrological Services Unit that can help feed information on hazards into a more comprehensive hazard early warning system. To achieve CDEMA’s goals under the Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy and Plan, the prioritisation of technical training within the Participating States’ disaster offices should also be a priority. Complementary skilled persons are therefore also needed in the Department for Disaster Management and Emergencies in order to ensure warning messages are effectively relayed to the general public. As a result of limited financial resources, it is recommended that partnerships with the private sector (tourism especially) are made since warning systems will improve everyone’s safety. A partnership where grant funding is provided for training of existing staff could be negotiated as mutually beneficial. However, the government restructuring activities currently taking place also provide good timing for advocacy of greater budgets for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation activities that demand technical capacities. Collaboration and communication with the Department of Surveys and Mapping should also be fostered as they are collecting and updating maps that can inform evacuation and shelter planning activities. 6.9. Community Livelihoods, Gender, Poverty and Development Strategies are intended to contribute to development objectives (including poverty reduction) at all levels within the country, based on the Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity assessments. More specifically, the strategies will address the following: 1. Promotion of climate-resilient livelihoods strategies and capacity building for adaptive capacity and action planning; 177
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Caribbean Regional Headquarters Has
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4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agric
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6.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Figure 5.8.2: Relationship status o
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CARIBSAVE Part
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The field work components of the re
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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UKOT ----------------- United Kingd
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Overview Of Climate Change Issues I
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The field study sites include notab
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coastal infrastructure and settleme
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Perceptions of vulnerability in the
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Energy and Tourism Tourism is an in
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Reviewing and considering the feasi
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4. Local watershed management: supp
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Given the importance of tourism to
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Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity
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terrestrial habitats for the purpos
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1. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT The
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damages from intense climatic condi
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2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 2.1. Geog
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Table 2.2.1: Gross Domestic Product
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Figure 2.2.1 shows a decline in per
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oom for expansion of the fin fisher
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The CPA points out that the all-inc
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Table 3.1.1: Earliest and latest ye
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GCM projections of future rainfall
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Table 3.3.4: GCM and RCM projected
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Relative humidity data has not been
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Table 3.6.1: Observed and GCM proje
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Annual Table 3.8.1: Observed and GC
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Annual DJF MAM JJA SON Annual DJF M
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frequency in the last 1,500 years b
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thermal expansion, with only a cons
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particularly affected by higher wat
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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3). Factors which increase the vuln
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4.2. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
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Table 4.2.3: Assessment of CO2 emis
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Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electric
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- Reduce electricity costs and pric
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Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869
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Climate policy Figure 4.2.6: Fuel c
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taxes can also be a highly transpar
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number of potential impacts of clim
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4.3. Agriculture and Food Security
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Caicos Islands stems from the fact
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Table 4.4.1: Selected statistics re
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2000). Thus, despite the fact that
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Table 4.4.3: Reported cases of gast
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4.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodive
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Table 4.5.1: Turks and Caicos Islan
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Status of wetlands Over half of the
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and enforcing adequate coastal setb
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Turtle fishery At least two species
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Vulnerability of coral reefs to cli
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Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sar
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Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks
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Table 4.6.1: Impacts associated wit
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to identify individual properties,
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Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land
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the tourism sector as well, since t
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Hurricane Irene (2011) Figure 4.7.2
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4.7.3. Vulnerability of the tourism
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greater burden of care as poorer ho
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CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS DIRECT INDIR
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Partnership based on the establishe
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each gender group is of the opinion
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entity. One of the key resources ne
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5. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY PROFILE FOR TH
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The institutional and regulatory fr
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5.1.3. Technology Hydrological and
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equested a rate review to rebalance
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Table 5.2.1: Average weighted emiss
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agree that switching off air condit
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Note: Savings costs of energy effic
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Vast options exist to reduce energy
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5.4. Human Health 5.4.1. Policy The
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Table 5.4.1: Summary effects on the
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Page 167 and 168: 5.5.3. Technology A high degree of
Page 169 and 170: Table 5.6.1: Summary of adaptation
Page 171 and 172: 5.6.2. Technology - Soft Engineerin
Page 173 and 174: 5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
Page 175 and 176: Table 5.7.1: Enhanced Comprehensive
Page 177 and 178: Related work in needs and vulnerabi
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Page 181 and 182: 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
Page 183 and 184: distributions based on the gender o
Page 185 and 186: significant differences in househol
Page 187 and 188: Table 5.8.13: Source of food supply
Page 189 and 190: 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0%
Page 191 and 192: Social Protection Provision Table 5
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Page 195 and 196: Subsistence Agricultural land (16%)
Page 197 and 198: Resource Importance River / Stream
Page 199 and 200: In the event of a hurricane, 90.3%
Page 201 and 202: Event Hurricane Flooding Storm Surg
Page 203 and 204: Table 5.8.37: Household Adaptation
Page 205 and 206: Assessments focussing on the links
Page 207 and 208: Provide gender disaggregated data a
Page 209 and 210: Short Term Actions Reassess water p
Page 211 and 212: Long Term Actions Pursue the concep
Page 213: Area Management Foundation (C-CAM)
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Page 219 and 220: 7. CONCLUSION 7.1. Climate Modellin
Page 221 and 222: 7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
Page 223 and 224: 7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
Page 225 and 226: REFERENCES Alcamo, J., Moreno, J. M
Page 227 and 228: CAREC. (2008a). Caribbean Epidemiol
Page 229 and 230: Contreras-Lisperguer, R., & de Cuba
Page 231 and 232: http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUA
Page 233 and 234: Government of the Turks and Caicos
Page 235 and 236: Hu, A., Meehl, G., Han, W., & Yin,
Page 237 and 238: Lime Turks & Caicos Islands. (2011)
Page 239 and 240: OECD (2010). Taxation, Innovation a
Page 241 and 242: Stern, N. (2006). The Economics of
Page 243 and 244: Wetherell, G. (2010). Third Quarter
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Turks and Caicos Islands

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