Turks and Caicos Islands

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Trends in energy use in The Turks and Caicos Islands The following tables provide statistics for the growth in electricity consumption by sector for all islands combined (Table 4.2.4), and by island (Table 4.2.5). No further information is available on either bunker fuels, oil imports for generators (electricity production), or emissions of greenhouse gases. Consumption has increased across sectors with the commercial sector more than doubling over the 6 year period shown. Providenciales and Grand Turk have increased consumption by 82 and 71% respectively. Demand for power in Providenciales has grown consistently since the 1990s, driven by tourism and real estate development (especially hotels and condominiums) (Castalia, 2011). Table 4.2.4: Growth trends in energy consumption in Turks and Caicos by sector, 2002-2007 MWh 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Residential 29,882 33,738 36,755 42,613 49,242 57,521 Commercial 17,296 18,954 22,638 26,899 34,755 41,437 Government 5,846 6,134 6,837 7,387 8,374 9,413 Street lights 821 1,174 997 1,385 1,527 2,151 Other 39,672 41,621 39,021 42,705 50,660 56,933 Total consumption 93,517 101,621 106,247 120,989 144,559 167,456 (Source: DEPS, 2008a) Table 4.2.5: Growth trends in energy consumption in Turks and Caicos by island, 2002-2007 MWh 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Grand Turk 12,370 13,045 14,968 16,260 19,208 21,205 Salt Cay 302 320 340 348 384 405 South Caicos 2,711 2,626 2,746 3,034 3,157 3,289 Middle Caicos 326 333 354 387 422 510 North Caicos 1,927 2,220 2,367 2,704 3,595 4,255 Providenciales 75,407 82,582 84,944 97,679 117,165 137,064 Pine Cay 474 495 528 577 628 728 (Source: DEPS, 2008a) Specific trend analysis for the PPC supply area is presented in Figure 4.2.3 and shows strong average annual growth of 11.5% per year. Annual growth in peak demand was 22% in 2006; it declined to 10% in 2008 with the economic slowdown, and to less than 5% in 2009 when peak demand reached 29.6 MW. According to Castalia (2011) data from July 2010 shows a peak demand of 30.8MW, confirming the trend of slower growth. Commercial demand has been growing at 17.7% per year, while hotels have achieved stabilization of demand, now consuming 30.2% of electricity (Castalia, 2011). 44
Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electricity consumption by customer type for PPC 45 (Source: Castalia, 2011) Peak demand in TCU‘s service area experienced significant growth from 2002 to 2008, increasing from 2.3MW to 4.2MW. Figure 4.2.4 shows the sudden drop in demand (monthly consumption) following the impact of Hurricane Ike on Grand Turk, combined with the general economic slowdown and the political events in 2009. Demand has since picked up slowly and from early 2010 recovered to pre-hurricane levels (4.2MW). TCU anticipate demand to remain relatively flat for the coming four years (Castalia, 2011). Figure 4.2.4: Evolution of energy consumption for TCU, 2007-2010 (Source: Castalia, 2011) As outlined, energy use has increased considerably in recent years in Turks and Caicos although recent events have resulted in some levelling off in some sectors. It is unclear, how trends will develop, though enormous growth in international tourism and in particular cruise tourism would indicate that energy consumption in the islands is bound to see further strong growth once the global economic situation improves and governance of the country stabilises.
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Caribbean Regional Headquarters Has
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4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agric
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6.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Figure 5.8.2: Relationship status o
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CARIBSAVE Part
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The field work components of the re
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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UKOT ----------------- United Kingd
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Overview Of Climate Change Issues I
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The field study sites include notab
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coastal infrastructure and settleme
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Perceptions of vulnerability in the
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Energy and Tourism Tourism is an in
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Reviewing and considering the feasi
Page 31 and 32: 4. Local watershed management: supp
Page 33 and 34: Given the importance of tourism to
Page 35 and 36: Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity
Page 37 and 38: terrestrial habitats for the purpos
Page 39 and 40: 1. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT The
Page 41 and 42: damages from intense climatic condi
Page 43 and 44: 2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 2.1. Geog
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.2.1: Gross Domestic Product
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.2.1 shows a decline in per
Page 49 and 50: oom for expansion of the fin fisher
Page 51 and 52: The CPA points out that the all-inc
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1.1: Earliest and latest ye
Page 55 and 56: GCM projections of future rainfall
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3.4: GCM and RCM projected
Page 59 and 60: Relative humidity data has not been
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6.1: Observed and GCM proje
Page 63 and 64: Annual Table 3.8.1: Observed and GC
Page 65 and 66: Annual DJF MAM JJA SON Annual DJF M
Page 67 and 68: frequency in the last 1,500 years b
Page 69 and 70: thermal expansion, with only a cons
Page 71 and 72: particularly affected by higher wat
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
Page 75 and 76: 3). Factors which increase the vuln
Page 77 and 78: 4.2. Energy Supply and Distribution
Page 79 and 80: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Page 81: Table 4.2.3: Assessment of CO2 emis
Page 85 and 86: - Reduce electricity costs and pric
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869
Page 89 and 90: Climate policy Figure 4.2.6: Fuel c
Page 91 and 92: taxes can also be a highly transpar
Page 93 and 94: number of potential impacts of clim
Page 95 and 96: 4.3. Agriculture and Food Security
Page 97 and 98: Caicos Islands stems from the fact
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.4.1: Selected statistics re
Page 101 and 102: 2000). Thus, despite the fact that
Page 103 and 104: Table 4.4.3: Reported cases of gast
Page 105 and 106: 4.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodive
Page 107 and 108: Table 4.5.1: Turks and Caicos Islan
Page 109 and 110: Status of wetlands Over half of the
Page 111 and 112: and enforcing adequate coastal setb
Page 113 and 114: Turtle fishery At least two species
Page 115 and 116: Vulnerability of coral reefs to cli
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sar
Page 119 and 120: Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks
Page 121 and 122: Table 4.6.1: Impacts associated wit
Page 123 and 124: to identify individual properties,
Page 125 and 126: Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land
Page 127 and 128: the tourism sector as well, since t
Page 129 and 130: Hurricane Irene (2011) Figure 4.7.2
Page 131 and 132: 4.7.3. Vulnerability of the tourism
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greater burden of care as poorer ho
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CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS DIRECT INDIR
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Partnership based on the establishe
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each gender group is of the opinion
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entity. One of the key resources ne
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5. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY PROFILE FOR TH
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The institutional and regulatory fr
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5.1.3. Technology Hydrological and
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equested a rate review to rebalance
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Table 5.2.1: Average weighted emiss
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agree that switching off air condit
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Note: Savings costs of energy effic
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Vast options exist to reduce energy
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5.4. Human Health 5.4.1. Policy The
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Table 5.4.1: Summary effects on the
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weaker social infrastructure. Conti
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end the Turks and Caicos Islands ar
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5.5.3. Technology A high degree of
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Table 5.6.1: Summary of adaptation
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5.6.2. Technology - Soft Engineerin
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5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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Table 5.7.1: Enhanced Comprehensive
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Related work in needs and vulnerabi
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Early Warning Systems (EWS) An EWS
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50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
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distributions based on the gender o
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significant differences in househol
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Table 5.8.13: Source of food supply
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45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0%
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Social Protection Provision Table 5
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Table 5.8.24: Sample distribution b
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Subsistence Agricultural land (16%)
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Resource Importance River / Stream
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In the event of a hurricane, 90.3%
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Event Hurricane Flooding Storm Surg
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Table 5.8.37: Household Adaptation
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Assessments focussing on the links
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Provide gender disaggregated data a
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Short Term Actions Reassess water p
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Long Term Actions Pursue the concep
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Area Management Foundation (C-CAM)
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6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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The Fire Service is government-run,
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7. CONCLUSION 7.1. Climate Modellin
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7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
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REFERENCES Alcamo, J., Moreno, J. M
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CAREC. (2008a). Caribbean Epidemiol
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Contreras-Lisperguer, R., & de Cuba
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http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUA
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Government of the Turks and Caicos
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Hu, A., Meehl, G., Han, W., & Yin,
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Lime Turks & Caicos Islands. (2011)
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OECD (2010). Taxation, Innovation a
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Stern, N. (2006). The Economics of
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Wetherell, G. (2010). Third Quarter
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