Turks and Caicos Islands

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.2.1: Percentage contribution to GDP .................................................................................................. 8 Figure 4.2.1: Global CO2 emission pathways versus unrestricted tourism emissions growth ........................ 40 Figure 4.2.2: Per capita emissions of CO2 in selected countries in the Caribbean, 2005 ................................ 41 Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electricity consumption by customer type for PPC................................................ 45 Figure 4.2.4: Evolution of energy consumption for TCU, 2007-2010 .............................................................. 45 Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869-2009 ......................................................................................................... 49 Figure 4.2.6: Fuel costs as part of a worldwide operating cost ....................................................................... 51 Figure 4.2.7: Vulnerability of selected islands, measured as eco-efficiency and revenue share .................... 53 Figure 4.5.1: Vegetation of North and Middle Caicos Islands; location of the most extensive pine yards of TCI ....................................................................................................................... 70 Figure 4.5.2: Lacustrine karst habitat, West Caicos ........................................................................................ 72 Figure 4.5.3: Location of coral reefs of the Turks and Caicos Islands.............................................................. 73 Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sargassum seaweed washed up on a Caribbean beach, August 2011 .......................................................................................................................................... 79 Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks and Caicos Islands - Overview Map ....................................................... 81 Figure 4.6.2: Erosion at Cedar Grove Beach, The Turks and Caicos Islands .................................................... 82 Figure 4.6.3: Jodi Johnson (right), Environmental Officer for the Department of Environment and Coastal Resources with Ryan Sim (left), University of Waterloo Canada, using High Resolution Coastal Profile Surveying with an RTK GPS. ................................................... 84 Figure 4.6.4: Total beach and land loss from SLR, Historic Downtown Cockburn Town, Grand Turk Island ................................................................................................................................ 85 Figure 4.6.5: Total beach and land loss from SLR, Grand Turk Cruise Centre, Grand Turk Island .................. 86 Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land loss from SLR, Western Shore, Grand Turk Island ................................... 87 Figure 4.7.1: Storm surge predictions for a Category 5 Hurricane south of TCI ............................................. 90 Figure 4.7.2: Grand Turk - Inundation Hazard Map ........................................................................................ 91 Figure 4.7.3: Damaged causeway connecting Middle and North Caicos ........................................................ 92 Figure 4.7.4: Hurricane Ike damages in Grand Turk ........................................................................................ 93 Figure 4.8.1: The impacts of climate change on poverty ................................................................................ 96 Figure 5.1.1: GDP by the water sector (current economic prices) 2000-2009 .............................................. 106 Figure 5.2.1: Eco-efficiencies of different source markets, Amsterdam ....................................................... 114 Figure 5.2.2: Viability of energy efficiency technologies in Turks and Caicos ............................................... 117 Figure 5.6.1: Seawall and groynes, Historic Cockburn Town, Grand Turk .................................................... 132 Figure 5.7.1: Relationship of the Disaster Management System and Society .............................................. 135 Figure 5.8.1: Age of respondents .................................................................................................................. 143 v
Figure 5.8.2: Relationship status of respondents .......................................................................................... 144 Figure 5.8.3: Sample distribution by average monthly earnings ................................................................... 147 Figure 5.8.4: Financial security: Job loss or natural disaster ......................................................................... 151 Figure 5.8.5: Perception of risk for climate related events ........................................................................... 163 Figure 5.8.6: Support during climate related events ..................................................................................... 164 vi
Page 1 and 2: Caribbean Regional Headquarters Has
Page 3 and 4: 4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agric
Page 5: 6.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CARIBSAVE Part
Page 13 and 14: The field work components of the re
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Page 17 and 18: UKOT ----------------- United Kingd
Page 19 and 20: Overview Of Climate Change Issues I
Page 21 and 22: The field study sites include notab
Page 23 and 24: coastal infrastructure and settleme
Page 25 and 26: Perceptions of vulnerability in the
Page 27 and 28: Energy and Tourism Tourism is an in
Page 29 and 30: Reviewing and considering the feasi
Page 31 and 32: 4. Local watershed management: supp
Page 33 and 34: Given the importance of tourism to
Page 35 and 36: Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity
Page 37 and 38: terrestrial habitats for the purpos
Page 39 and 40: 1. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT The
Page 41 and 42: damages from intense climatic condi
Page 43 and 44: 2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 2.1. Geog
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.2.1: Gross Domestic Product
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.2.1 shows a decline in per
Page 49 and 50: oom for expansion of the fin fisher
Page 51 and 52: The CPA points out that the all-inc
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1.1: Earliest and latest ye
Page 55 and 56: GCM projections of future rainfall
Page 57 and 58:
Table 3.3.4: GCM and RCM projected
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Relative humidity data has not been
Page 61 and 62:
Table 3.6.1: Observed and GCM proje
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Annual Table 3.8.1: Observed and GC
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Annual DJF MAM JJA SON Annual DJF M
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frequency in the last 1,500 years b
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thermal expansion, with only a cons
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particularly affected by higher wat
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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3). Factors which increase the vuln
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4.2. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
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Table 4.2.3: Assessment of CO2 emis
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Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electric
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- Reduce electricity costs and pric
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Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869
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Climate policy Figure 4.2.6: Fuel c
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taxes can also be a highly transpar
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number of potential impacts of clim
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4.3. Agriculture and Food Security
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Caicos Islands stems from the fact
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Table 4.4.1: Selected statistics re
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2000). Thus, despite the fact that
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Table 4.4.3: Reported cases of gast
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4.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodive
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Table 4.5.1: Turks and Caicos Islan
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Status of wetlands Over half of the
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and enforcing adequate coastal setb
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Turtle fishery At least two species
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Vulnerability of coral reefs to cli
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Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sar
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Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks
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Table 4.6.1: Impacts associated wit
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to identify individual properties,
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Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land
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the tourism sector as well, since t
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Hurricane Irene (2011) Figure 4.7.2
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4.7.3. Vulnerability of the tourism
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greater burden of care as poorer ho
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CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS DIRECT INDIR
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Partnership based on the establishe
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each gender group is of the opinion
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entity. One of the key resources ne
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5. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY PROFILE FOR TH
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The institutional and regulatory fr
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5.1.3. Technology Hydrological and
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equested a rate review to rebalance
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Table 5.2.1: Average weighted emiss
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agree that switching off air condit
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Note: Savings costs of energy effic
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Vast options exist to reduce energy
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5.4. Human Health 5.4.1. Policy The
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Table 5.4.1: Summary effects on the
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weaker social infrastructure. Conti
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end the Turks and Caicos Islands ar
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5.5.3. Technology A high degree of
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Table 5.6.1: Summary of adaptation
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5.6.2. Technology - Soft Engineerin
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5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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Table 5.7.1: Enhanced Comprehensive
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Related work in needs and vulnerabi
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Early Warning Systems (EWS) An EWS
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50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
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distributions based on the gender o
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significant differences in househol
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Table 5.8.13: Source of food supply
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45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0%
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Social Protection Provision Table 5
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Table 5.8.24: Sample distribution b
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Subsistence Agricultural land (16%)
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Resource Importance River / Stream
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In the event of a hurricane, 90.3%
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Event Hurricane Flooding Storm Surg
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Table 5.8.37: Household Adaptation
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Assessments focussing on the links
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Provide gender disaggregated data a
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Short Term Actions Reassess water p
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Long Term Actions Pursue the concep
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Area Management Foundation (C-CAM)
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6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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The Fire Service is government-run,
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7. CONCLUSION 7.1. Climate Modellin
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7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
Page 223 and 224:
7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
Page 225 and 226:
REFERENCES Alcamo, J., Moreno, J. M
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CAREC. (2008a). Caribbean Epidemiol
Page 229 and 230:
Contreras-Lisperguer, R., & de Cuba
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http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUA
Page 233 and 234:
Government of the Turks and Caicos
Page 235 and 236:
Hu, A., Meehl, G., Han, W., & Yin,
Page 237 and 238:
Lime Turks & Caicos Islands. (2011)
Page 239 and 240:
OECD (2010). Taxation, Innovation a
Page 241 and 242:
Stern, N. (2006). The Economics of
Page 243 and 244:
Wetherell, G. (2010). Third Quarter
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