Turks and Caicos Islands

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5.3.1. Policy .............................................................................................................................120 5.3.2. Technology ....................................................................................................................120 5.3.3. Farmers’ Adaptation - Initiatives and Actions ..............................................................120 5.4. Human Health ........................................................................................................................... 121 5.4.1. Policy .............................................................................................................................121 5.4.2. Management .................................................................................................................123 5.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity and Fisheries .................................................................... 126 5.5.1. Policy .............................................................................................................................126 5.5.2. Management .................................................................................................................127 5.5.3. Technology ....................................................................................................................129 5.6. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Impacts on Coastal Infrastructure and Settlements .............. 130 5.6.1. Technology – Hard Engineering ....................................................................................132 5.6.2. Technology – Soft Engineering .....................................................................................133 5.6.3. Policy .............................................................................................................................133 5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster Management ........................................................................ 135 5.7.1. Management of Natural Hazards and Disasters ...........................................................135 5.7.2. Management of Disasters in the Turks and Caicos Islands ...........................................138 5.7.3. Technology ....................................................................................................................139 5.7.4. Policy .............................................................................................................................140 5.8. Community Livelihoods, Gender, Poverty and Development ................................................... 142 5.8.1. Demographic Profile of Respondents ...........................................................................142 5.8.2. Household Headship .....................................................................................................144 5.8.3. Education and Livelihoods ............................................................................................145 5.8.4. Food Security ................................................................................................................148 5.8.5. Financial Security and Social Protection .......................................................................149 5.8.6. Asset Base .....................................................................................................................153 5.8.7. Power and Decision Making .........................................................................................155 5.8.8. Social Networks and Social Capital ...............................................................................156 5.8.9. Use of Natural Resources ..............................................................................................156 5.8.10. Knowledge, Exposure and Experience of Climate Related Events................................160 5.8.11. Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies...........................................................................164 6. RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES AND INITIAL ACTION PLAN ........................................................... 166 6.1. Cross-Cutting Actions ................................................................................................................ 166 6.1.1. Data Collection, Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................166 6.1.2. Mainstreaming Climate Change in Policy, Planning and Practice.................................167 6.1.3. Information Sharing, Communication and Networking ................................................169 6.1.4. Climate Change Education and Awareness ..................................................................170 6.2. Water Quality and Availability .................................................................................................. 170 iii
6.3. Energy Supply and Distribution ................................................................................................. 172 6.4. Agriculture and Food Security ................................................................................................... 173 6.5. Human Health ........................................................................................................................... 173 6.6. Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity and Fisheries .................................................................... 174 6.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Impacts on Coastal Infrastructure and Settlements .............. 175 6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster Management ........................................................................ 177 6.9. Community Livelihoods, Gender, Poverty and Development ................................................... 177 7. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 181 7.1. Climate Modelling ..................................................................................................................... 181 7.2. Water Quality and Availability .................................................................................................. 181 7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution ................................................................................................. 183 7.4. Agriculture and Food Security ................................................................................................... 183 7.5. Human Health ........................................................................................................................... 183 7.6. Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity and Fisheries .................................................................... 184 7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Impacts on Coastal Infrastructure and Settlements .............. 185 7.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster Management ........................................................................ 185 7.9. Community Livelihoods, Gender, Poverty and Development ................................................... 186 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 187 iv
Page 1 and 2: Caribbean Regional Headquarters Has
Page 3: 4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agric
Page 7 and 8: Figure 5.8.2: Relationship status o
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CARIBSAVE Part
Page 13 and 14: The field work components of the re
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Page 17 and 18: UKOT ----------------- United Kingd
Page 19 and 20: Overview Of Climate Change Issues I
Page 21 and 22: The field study sites include notab
Page 23 and 24: coastal infrastructure and settleme
Page 25 and 26: Perceptions of vulnerability in the
Page 27 and 28: Energy and Tourism Tourism is an in
Page 29 and 30: Reviewing and considering the feasi
Page 31 and 32: 4. Local watershed management: supp
Page 33 and 34: Given the importance of tourism to
Page 35 and 36: Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity
Page 37 and 38: terrestrial habitats for the purpos
Page 39 and 40: 1. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT The
Page 41 and 42: damages from intense climatic condi
Page 43 and 44: 2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 2.1. Geog
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.2.1: Gross Domestic Product
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.2.1 shows a decline in per
Page 49 and 50: oom for expansion of the fin fisher
Page 51 and 52: The CPA points out that the all-inc
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1.1: Earliest and latest ye
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GCM projections of future rainfall
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Table 3.3.4: GCM and RCM projected
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Relative humidity data has not been
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Table 3.6.1: Observed and GCM proje
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Annual Table 3.8.1: Observed and GC
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Annual DJF MAM JJA SON Annual DJF M
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frequency in the last 1,500 years b
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thermal expansion, with only a cons
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particularly affected by higher wat
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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3). Factors which increase the vuln
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4.2. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
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Table 4.2.3: Assessment of CO2 emis
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Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electric
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- Reduce electricity costs and pric
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Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869
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Climate policy Figure 4.2.6: Fuel c
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taxes can also be a highly transpar
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number of potential impacts of clim
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4.3. Agriculture and Food Security
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Caicos Islands stems from the fact
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Table 4.4.1: Selected statistics re
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2000). Thus, despite the fact that
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Table 4.4.3: Reported cases of gast
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4.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodive
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Table 4.5.1: Turks and Caicos Islan
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Status of wetlands Over half of the
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and enforcing adequate coastal setb
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Turtle fishery At least two species
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Vulnerability of coral reefs to cli
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Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sar
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Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks
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Table 4.6.1: Impacts associated wit
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to identify individual properties,
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Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land
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the tourism sector as well, since t
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Hurricane Irene (2011) Figure 4.7.2
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4.7.3. Vulnerability of the tourism
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greater burden of care as poorer ho
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CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS DIRECT INDIR
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Partnership based on the establishe
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each gender group is of the opinion
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entity. One of the key resources ne
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5. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY PROFILE FOR TH
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The institutional and regulatory fr
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5.1.3. Technology Hydrological and
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equested a rate review to rebalance
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Table 5.2.1: Average weighted emiss
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agree that switching off air condit
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Note: Savings costs of energy effic
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Vast options exist to reduce energy
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5.4. Human Health 5.4.1. Policy The
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Table 5.4.1: Summary effects on the
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weaker social infrastructure. Conti
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end the Turks and Caicos Islands ar
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5.5.3. Technology A high degree of
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Table 5.6.1: Summary of adaptation
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5.6.2. Technology - Soft Engineerin
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5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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Table 5.7.1: Enhanced Comprehensive
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Related work in needs and vulnerabi
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Early Warning Systems (EWS) An EWS
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50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
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distributions based on the gender o
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significant differences in househol
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Table 5.8.13: Source of food supply
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45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0%
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Social Protection Provision Table 5
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Table 5.8.24: Sample distribution b
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Subsistence Agricultural land (16%)
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Resource Importance River / Stream
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In the event of a hurricane, 90.3%
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Event Hurricane Flooding Storm Surg
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Table 5.8.37: Household Adaptation
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Assessments focussing on the links
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Provide gender disaggregated data a
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Short Term Actions Reassess water p
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Long Term Actions Pursue the concep
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Area Management Foundation (C-CAM)
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6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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The Fire Service is government-run,
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7. CONCLUSION 7.1. Climate Modellin
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7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
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REFERENCES Alcamo, J., Moreno, J. M
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CAREC. (2008a). Caribbean Epidemiol
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Contreras-Lisperguer, R., & de Cuba
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http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUA
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Government of the Turks and Caicos
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Hu, A., Meehl, G., Han, W., & Yin,
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Lime Turks & Caicos Islands. (2011)
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OECD (2010). Taxation, Innovation a
Page 241 and 242:
Stern, N. (2006). The Economics of
Page 243 and 244:
Wetherell, G. (2010). Third Quarter
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