Turks and Caicos Islands

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Bengtssen L., K. I. Hodges, M. Esch, N. Keenlyside, L. Kornblueh, J-J Luo and T. Yamagata. (2007). How may tropical cyclones change in a warmer climate? Tell us Series A-Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 59(4), 539-561. Bennett, E., Jolly, T., and Wilson, J. (2002). Results Appendix 3 Field Work Report (Turks and Caicos Islands), The management of conflict in Tropical Fisheries (R7334), Final Technical Report. Portsmouth: Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE), University of Portsmouth. Bezanilla et al. (In preparation). Tropical-cyclone-like-vortices in the Caribbean according the regional climate model PRECIS. Bindoff, N. L., J. Willebrand, V. Artale, A. Cazenave, J. Gregory, S. Gulev, K. Hanawa, C. Le Quéré, S. Levitus, Y. Nojiri, C.K. Shum, L. D. Talley and A. Unnikrishnan. (2007). Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, USA. Bishop, J.D.K. and Amaratunga, G.A.J. (2008). Evaluation of small wind turbines in distributed arrangement as sustainable wind energy options for Barbados. Energy Conversion and Management 49: 1652-1661. Boateng, I. (2008). Integrating Sea-Level Rise Adaptation into Planning Policies in the Coastal Zone. Integrating Generations FIG Working Week, (pp. Stockholm, Sweden). Bobba, A. G. (2002). Numerical modelling of salt-water intrusion due to human activities. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 47((S)August 2002), 67 - 80. Bows, A., Anderson, K. and Footitt, A. (2009). Aviation in a low-carbon EU. In: Gössling, S. and Upham, P. (eds) Climate Change and Aviation. London: Earthscan, pp. 89-109. Brewster, A. (2005). Caribbean Electricity Restructuring: An Assessment. Public Administration and Development 25: 175-184. Brown, D., & Kimberlain, T. (2008). Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Hanna (AL082008. Miami: National Hurricane Centre. Bueno, R., Herzfeld, C., Stanton, E. A., & Ackerman, F. (2008). The Caribbean and Climate Change: The Costs of Inaction. Massachusetts, USA: Stockholm Environment Institute-US Center, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University. Buvinic, M., Vega, G., Bertrand, M., Urban, A.-M., Grynspan, R., & Truitt, G. (1999). Hurricane Mitch: Women's Needs and Contributions. Sustainable Development Department Technical Paper Series. Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank. Byron, S. (2011). The Economic Impact of Climate Change on the Water Sector in the Turks and Caicos Islands: Department of Economics, Auburn University at Montgomery. Campbell, D., Barker, D., and McGregor, D. (2011). Dealing with drought: Small farmers and environmental hazards in southern St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. Applied Geography, 31(1), 146-158. CAREC. (2005). Caribbean Epidemiology Centre 2005 Annual Report. Port-of-Spain: CAREC/PAHO/WHO. 188
CAREC. (2008a). Caribbean Epidemiology Centre Annual Report 2007 (pp. 121). Port-of-Spain CAREC/PAHO/WHO. CAREC. (2008b). Gastroenteritis, Morbidity Review of Communicable Diseases in CAREC Member Countries, 1980 – 2005 Morbidity Reviews. Port-of-Spain: Caribbean Epidemiology Centre /PAHO/WHO. CAREC. (2008c). Leptospirosis, Morbidity Review of Communicable Diseases in CAREC Member Countries, 1980 – 2005 Morbidity Reviews. Port-of-Spain: Caribbean Epidemiology Centre /PAHO/WHO. CAREC. (2010). Caribbean Epidemiology Centre Annual Report 2009 (pp. 84). Port-of-Spain: Caribbean Epidemiology Centre/PAHO/WHO. Caribbean Tourism Organisation. (n.d.). Individual Country Statistics. Retrieved April 29, 2011, from One Caribbean: http://www.onecaribbean.org/statistics/countrystats/ Caribbean Tourism Organisation. (n.d.). Individual Country Statistics. Retrieved April 29, 2011, from One Caribbean: http://www.onecaribbean.org/statistics/countrystats/ Castalia (2011). Development of an Energy Conservation Policy and Implementation Strategy for the Turks and Caicos Islands. Draft Final Report, 25. February 2011. Castle, T., Amador, M., Rawlins, S., Figueroa, J. P., and Reiter, P. (1999). Abscene of impact of aerial treatment. Pan American Journal of Public Health, 5(2), 100-105. CCCCC. (2009). Climate Change and the Caribbean: A Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change (2009-2015). Belmopan, Belize: Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre. CCRIF. (2011a). CCRIF News March 2011 Volume 2#3. Grand Cayman: Caribbean Castrophe Risk Insurance Facility. CCRIF. (2011b). Hurricane Irene traverses Caribbean: localized damage but no major losses. Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility. CDB. (2006). Social and Economic Indicators. Wildey, Barbados: Caribbean Development Bank. CDEMA. (2010). Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency. Retrieved 11/1/2010, from CDEMA: www.cdema.org CDEMA. (2011). Situation Report #5 Hurricane Irene impacts on Turks and Caicos Islands and The Bahamas (as at 11am) August 31, 2011. Bridgetown: Caribbean Disaster Emeregency Management Agency. CDERA. (2007). The Regional Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Tourism in the Caribbean Project (Summary document). Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency and Inter-American Development Bank. CDERA. (2008). WORKSHOP REPORT: Development of a Disaster Risk Management Strategy and Plan of Action for the Tourism Sector in the Caribbean. Consulting Engineers Partnership Ltd; Tourism Global Inc & Franklyn Michael for the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency. Chadee, D. D. (2009). Impact of pre-seasonal focal treatment on population densities of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in Trinidad, West Indies: A preliminary study. Acta Tropica, 109(3), 236-240. 189
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Caribbean Regional Headquarters Has
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4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agric
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6.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Figure 5.8.2: Relationship status o
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CARIBSAVE Part
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The field work components of the re
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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UKOT ----------------- United Kingd
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Overview Of Climate Change Issues I
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The field study sites include notab
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coastal infrastructure and settleme
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Perceptions of vulnerability in the
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Energy and Tourism Tourism is an in
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Reviewing and considering the feasi
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4. Local watershed management: supp
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Given the importance of tourism to
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Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity
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terrestrial habitats for the purpos
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1. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT The
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damages from intense climatic condi
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2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 2.1. Geog
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Table 2.2.1: Gross Domestic Product
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Figure 2.2.1 shows a decline in per
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oom for expansion of the fin fisher
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The CPA points out that the all-inc
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Table 3.1.1: Earliest and latest ye
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GCM projections of future rainfall
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Table 3.3.4: GCM and RCM projected
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Relative humidity data has not been
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Table 3.6.1: Observed and GCM proje
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Annual Table 3.8.1: Observed and GC
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Annual DJF MAM JJA SON Annual DJF M
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frequency in the last 1,500 years b
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thermal expansion, with only a cons
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particularly affected by higher wat
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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3). Factors which increase the vuln
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4.2. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
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Table 4.2.3: Assessment of CO2 emis
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Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electric
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- Reduce electricity costs and pric
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Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869
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Climate policy Figure 4.2.6: Fuel c
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taxes can also be a highly transpar
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number of potential impacts of clim
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4.3. Agriculture and Food Security
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Caicos Islands stems from the fact
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Table 4.4.1: Selected statistics re
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2000). Thus, despite the fact that
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Table 4.4.3: Reported cases of gast
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4.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodive
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Table 4.5.1: Turks and Caicos Islan
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Status of wetlands Over half of the
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and enforcing adequate coastal setb
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Turtle fishery At least two species
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Vulnerability of coral reefs to cli
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Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sar
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Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks
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Table 4.6.1: Impacts associated wit
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to identify individual properties,
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Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land
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the tourism sector as well, since t
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Hurricane Irene (2011) Figure 4.7.2
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4.7.3. Vulnerability of the tourism
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greater burden of care as poorer ho
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CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS DIRECT INDIR
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Partnership based on the establishe
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each gender group is of the opinion
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entity. One of the key resources ne
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5. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY PROFILE FOR TH
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The institutional and regulatory fr
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5.1.3. Technology Hydrological and
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equested a rate review to rebalance
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Table 5.2.1: Average weighted emiss
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agree that switching off air condit
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Note: Savings costs of energy effic
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Vast options exist to reduce energy
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5.4. Human Health 5.4.1. Policy The
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Table 5.4.1: Summary effects on the
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weaker social infrastructure. Conti
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end the Turks and Caicos Islands ar
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5.5.3. Technology A high degree of
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Table 5.6.1: Summary of adaptation
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5.6.2. Technology - Soft Engineerin
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5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
Page 175 and 176: Table 5.7.1: Enhanced Comprehensive
Page 177 and 178: Related work in needs and vulnerabi
Page 179 and 180: Early Warning Systems (EWS) An EWS
Page 181 and 182: 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
Page 183 and 184: distributions based on the gender o
Page 185 and 186: significant differences in househol
Page 187 and 188: Table 5.8.13: Source of food supply
Page 189 and 190: 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0%
Page 191 and 192: Social Protection Provision Table 5
Page 193 and 194: Table 5.8.24: Sample distribution b
Page 195 and 196: Subsistence Agricultural land (16%)
Page 197 and 198: Resource Importance River / Stream
Page 199 and 200: In the event of a hurricane, 90.3%
Page 201 and 202: Event Hurricane Flooding Storm Surg
Page 203 and 204: Table 5.8.37: Household Adaptation
Page 205 and 206: Assessments focussing on the links
Page 207 and 208: Provide gender disaggregated data a
Page 209 and 210: Short Term Actions Reassess water p
Page 211 and 212: Long Term Actions Pursue the concep
Page 213 and 214: Area Management Foundation (C-CAM)
Page 215 and 216: 6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
Page 217 and 218: The Fire Service is government-run,
Page 219 and 220: 7. CONCLUSION 7.1. Climate Modellin
Page 221 and 222: 7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
Page 223 and 224: 7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
Page 225: REFERENCES Alcamo, J., Moreno, J. M
Page 229 and 230: Contreras-Lisperguer, R., & de Cuba
Page 231 and 232: http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUA
Page 233 and 234: Government of the Turks and Caicos
Page 235 and 236: Hu, A., Meehl, G., Han, W., & Yin,
Page 237 and 238: Lime Turks & Caicos Islands. (2011)
Page 239 and 240: OECD (2010). Taxation, Innovation a
Page 241 and 242: Stern, N. (2006). The Economics of
Page 243 and 244: Wetherell, G. (2010). Third Quarter
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