Turks and Caicos Islands

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Table 3.5.2: GCM and RCM projected changes in Turks and Caicos Islands under the A2 scenario GCM Ensemble Range Annual RCM (ECHAM4) RCM (HadCM3) GCM Ensemble Range DJF RCM (ECHAM4) RCM (HadCM3) GCM Ensemble Range MAM RCM (ECHAM4) RCM (HadCM3) GCM Ensemble Range JJA RCM (ECHAM4) RCM (HadCM3) GCM Ensemble Range SON RCM (ECHAM4) RCM (HadCM3) 3.6. Sunshine Hours 22 Projected changes by the 2080s SRES A2 Min Median Max Change in % 1.2 0.9 1.6 0.9 0.1 1 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.5 2.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 The number of ‘sunshine hours’ per day are calculated by applying the average clear-sky fraction from cloud observations to the number of daylight hours for the latitude of the location and the time of the year. The observed number of sunshine hours, based on ISCCP satellite observations of cloud coverage, indicates statistically significant increases in annual sunshine hours in Turks and Caicos Islands by 0.57 hours per decade over the period 1983-2001. The strongest and statistically significant increase is seen In JJA at the rate of 0.98 hours per decade. The number of sunshine hours is projected to increase slightly into the 21 st century in Turks and Caicos Islands by most GCMs, particularly in wet season reflecting reduction in average cloud fractions. The model ensemble, however, spans both increases and decreases in all seasons and across emissions scenarios. Changes in annual average sunshine hours span -0.3 to +1.2 hours per day by 2080s under scenario A2. The median increases projected by the GCM ensemble are large in JJA, but with changes spanning -0.5 to +1.7 hours per day. Comparison between GCM and RCM projections of sunshine hours for Turks and Caicos Islands shows that the RCM projections generally lie toward the higher end of the range of changes projected by the GCM ensemble. RCM projections indicate increases of roughly an hour per day in mean annual sunshine hours by the 2080s. Both RCM simulations indicate large increases in sunshine hours in JJA (1.4-2.9 hours per day), which is in agreement with the GCM projections. These increases are particularly large in HadCM3-driven RCM simulation than the ECHAM4-driven simulation.
Table 3.6.1: Observed and GCM projected changes in sunshine hours for Turks and Caicos Islands Observed Mean 1970-99 Turks and Caicos Islands: Country Scale Changes in Sunshine Hours Observed Trend 1960- 2006 Projected changes by Projected changes by Projected changes by the 2020s the 2050s the 2080s Min Median Max Min Median Max Min Median Max (hrs) (change in hrs per decade) Change in hrs Change in hrs Change in hrs A2 -0.2 0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.2 0.5 0 0.4 0.7 Annual 6.5 0.57* A1B -0.3 0 0.9 -0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.3 1.2 B1 -0.4 0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.3 0.2 0.9 A2 0 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.1 0.4 DJF 6.9 0.43 A1B -0.4 0 0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.5 -0.5 0.1 0.7 B1 -0.1 0 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.7 -0.3 0 0.6 A2 -0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.8 MAM 6.8 0.84 A1B -0.3 0.1 0.9 -0.3 0.3 0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.9 B1 -0.7 0.1 0.7 -0.4 0.1 0.8 -0.6 0.1 0.9 A2 -0.6 0.1 0.7 -0.7 0.3 1 -0.5 0.5 1.4 JJA 6.7 0.98* A1B -0.7 0.1 1.2 -0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.5 0.5 1.7 B1 -0.6 0.3 0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.5 0.4 1.3 A2 -0.3 0 0.6 -0.5 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.9 SON 5.5 0.06 A1B -0.5 0 1.1 -0.7 0 0.9 -0.3 0.3 1.5 B1 -0.4 0.1 1 -0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.5 0.2 1.1 Table 3.6.2: GCM and RCM projected changes in Turks and Caicos Islands under the A2 scenario 23 Projected changes by the 2080s SRES A2 Min Median Max GCM Ensemble Range 0 Change in hours 0.4 0.7 Annual RCM (ECHAM4) 0.7 RCM (HadCM3) 1.5 GCM Ensemble Range -0.6 0.1 0.4 DJF RCM (ECHAM4) 0.3 RCM (HadCM3) 0.7 GCM Ensemble Range -0.4 0.4 0.8 MAM RCM (ECHAM4) 0.5 RCM (HadCM3) 0.8 GCM Ensemble Range -0.5 0.5 1.4 JJA RCM (ECHAM4) 1.4 RCM (HadCM3) 2.9 GCM Ensemble Range -0.1 0.3 0.9 SON RCM (ECHAM4) 0.6 RCM (HadCM3) 1.5 3.7. Sea Surface Temperatures The HadSST2 gridded dataset shows no significant trend in mean annual sea surface temperatures around Turks and Caicos Islands over the period 1960-2006.
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Caribbean Regional Headquarters Has
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4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agric
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6.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Figure 5.8.2: Relationship status o
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CARIBSAVE Part
Page 13 and 14: The field work components of the re
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Page 17 and 18: UKOT ----------------- United Kingd
Page 19 and 20: Overview Of Climate Change Issues I
Page 21 and 22: The field study sites include notab
Page 23 and 24: coastal infrastructure and settleme
Page 25 and 26: Perceptions of vulnerability in the
Page 27 and 28: Energy and Tourism Tourism is an in
Page 29 and 30: Reviewing and considering the feasi
Page 31 and 32: 4. Local watershed management: supp
Page 33 and 34: Given the importance of tourism to
Page 35 and 36: Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity
Page 37 and 38: terrestrial habitats for the purpos
Page 39 and 40: 1. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT The
Page 41 and 42: damages from intense climatic condi
Page 43 and 44: 2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 2.1. Geog
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.2.1: Gross Domestic Product
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.2.1 shows a decline in per
Page 49 and 50: oom for expansion of the fin fisher
Page 51 and 52: The CPA points out that the all-inc
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1.1: Earliest and latest ye
Page 55 and 56: GCM projections of future rainfall
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3.4: GCM and RCM projected
Page 59: Relative humidity data has not been
Page 63 and 64: Annual Table 3.8.1: Observed and GC
Page 65 and 66: Annual DJF MAM JJA SON Annual DJF M
Page 67 and 68: frequency in the last 1,500 years b
Page 69 and 70: thermal expansion, with only a cons
Page 71 and 72: particularly affected by higher wat
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
Page 75 and 76: 3). Factors which increase the vuln
Page 77 and 78: 4.2. Energy Supply and Distribution
Page 79 and 80: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.2.3: Assessment of CO2 emis
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electric
Page 85 and 86: - Reduce electricity costs and pric
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869
Page 89 and 90: Climate policy Figure 4.2.6: Fuel c
Page 91 and 92: taxes can also be a highly transpar
Page 93 and 94: number of potential impacts of clim
Page 95 and 96: 4.3. Agriculture and Food Security
Page 97 and 98: Caicos Islands stems from the fact
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.4.1: Selected statistics re
Page 101 and 102: 2000). Thus, despite the fact that
Page 103 and 104: Table 4.4.3: Reported cases of gast
Page 105 and 106: 4.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodive
Page 107 and 108: Table 4.5.1: Turks and Caicos Islan
Page 109 and 110: Status of wetlands Over half of the
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and enforcing adequate coastal setb
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Turtle fishery At least two species
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Vulnerability of coral reefs to cli
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Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sar
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Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks
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Table 4.6.1: Impacts associated wit
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to identify individual properties,
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Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land
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the tourism sector as well, since t
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Hurricane Irene (2011) Figure 4.7.2
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4.7.3. Vulnerability of the tourism
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greater burden of care as poorer ho
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CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS DIRECT INDIR
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Partnership based on the establishe
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each gender group is of the opinion
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entity. One of the key resources ne
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5. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY PROFILE FOR TH
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The institutional and regulatory fr
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5.1.3. Technology Hydrological and
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equested a rate review to rebalance
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Table 5.2.1: Average weighted emiss
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agree that switching off air condit
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Note: Savings costs of energy effic
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Vast options exist to reduce energy
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5.4. Human Health 5.4.1. Policy The
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Table 5.4.1: Summary effects on the
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weaker social infrastructure. Conti
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end the Turks and Caicos Islands ar
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5.5.3. Technology A high degree of
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Table 5.6.1: Summary of adaptation
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5.6.2. Technology - Soft Engineerin
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5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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Table 5.7.1: Enhanced Comprehensive
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Related work in needs and vulnerabi
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Early Warning Systems (EWS) An EWS
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50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
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distributions based on the gender o
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significant differences in househol
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Table 5.8.13: Source of food supply
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45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0%
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Social Protection Provision Table 5
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Table 5.8.24: Sample distribution b
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Subsistence Agricultural land (16%)
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Resource Importance River / Stream
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In the event of a hurricane, 90.3%
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Event Hurricane Flooding Storm Surg
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Table 5.8.37: Household Adaptation
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Assessments focussing on the links
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Provide gender disaggregated data a
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Short Term Actions Reassess water p
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Long Term Actions Pursue the concep
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Area Management Foundation (C-CAM)
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6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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The Fire Service is government-run,
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7. CONCLUSION 7.1. Climate Modellin
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7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
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REFERENCES Alcamo, J., Moreno, J. M
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CAREC. (2008a). Caribbean Epidemiol
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Contreras-Lisperguer, R., & de Cuba
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http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUA
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Government of the Turks and Caicos
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Hu, A., Meehl, G., Han, W., & Yin,
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Lime Turks & Caicos Islands. (2011)
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OECD (2010). Taxation, Innovation a
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Stern, N. (2006). The Economics of
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Wetherell, G. (2010). Third Quarter
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