Turks and Caicos Islands

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and Caicos Islands are limited, and there are presently no commercial cottage industries on any of the islands. Fishing is a significant activity in the Turks and Caicos Islands (see Section 4.5) and catches are dominated by lobster and queen conch, both of which are processed and exported to the United States. Groupers and snappers are utilised for local consumption; and the fishing infrastructure is organized and equipped with cold storage facilities and processing plants. 4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agriculture The Turks and Caicos Islands Social Indicators Report (DEPS, 2008b) indicates that up until 2006 there were only 152 people directly employed in agriculture, accounting for a mere 0.84% of the total working population. Since these figures were not disaggregated by gender or age groups, it is difficult to form a demographic profile for the farmer population in the Turks and Caicos Islands. 4.3.5. Climate Change Related Issues and Agricultural Vulnerability in the Turks & Caicos Islands Although agriculture constitutes a minor industry in the Turks and Caicos Islands, the sector exhibits a high vulnerability to the existing climate, and is especially susceptible to extreme weather events. An ECLAC (2008) disaster assessment found that the passage of Tropical Storm Hanna and Hurricane Ike within days of each other in 2008 caused almost complete devastation to vegetable, fruit and root crops in Turks and Caicos. Tree crops including coconuts, sapodillas, sugar apples, avocadoes and mangoes, were also severely damaged by hurricane winds. Commercial fishers lost trap boats, traps, and sustained structural damage to three processing plants which hindered fishing activities following the hurricane and led to spoilage of some stock. 4.3.6. Vulnerability Enhancing Factors: Agriculture, Land Use and Soil Degradation in the Turks & Caicos Islands The main vulnerability enhancing factor for land use and soil degradation in the Turks and Caicos Islands pertains to inequitable and uncontrolled land use practices. The increasing number of tourist resort infrastructure and unprecedented development in the form of numerous luxury homes hinders prospects for building a sustainable agriculture sector. A press release from the British Foreign ad Commonwealth Office (2010), referring to the Turks and Caicos Islands Commission of Inquiry Report (2009), identified the need for implementation of a new crown land policy to address some of the related issues such as improper land use, sale of land to non-nationals for residential and commercial development, and inconsistent record keeping. 4.3.7. Social Vulnerability of Agricultural Communities in the Turks & Caicos Islands The Turks & Caicos Islands Investment Agency (2004) distinctly identifies North Caicos as the potential bread basket of the islands. In terms of agricultural communities, the settlements of Bottle Creek, Whitby, Sandy Point and Kew have been named although the island profiles suggest that presently there is significantly less farming activity now than before. The social vulnerability of agriculture in the Turks and 58
Caicos Islands stems from the fact that the sector is fragmented by nature, with farmers scattered across the various islands and farming is done on a very small scale; this limits the capacity for agricultural advancement and for enabling food security. 4.3.8. Economic Vulnerability: Climate Change & Agricultural Outputs in the Turks & Caicos Islands Given the limited investment in agriculture in Turks and Caicos, only one or two commercial farms are likely to endure substantial losses from the variability associated with climatic conditions. The demand for local produce far outweighs supply (TCI Invest, 2009) and TCI trade statistics (2009) shows the Turks and Caicos Islands is a net- food importing country, with imports amounting to more than US $63 million in 2008. The main imports were fruits and vegetables (28.5%), meals and meat preparations (24%) and cereals (15%). The economic vulnerability of Turks and Caicos to climate change is directly related to its heavy dependence on food imports. Nationals have very little resilience for food supply in the event of decreased availability from their source markets (the U.S., Haiti and Dominican Republic) especially if the shortage is due to an extreme weather event. 59
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Caribbean Regional Headquarters Has
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4.3.4. Women and Youth in TCI Agric
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6.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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Figure 5.8.2: Relationship status o
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Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CARIBSAVE Part
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The field work components of the re
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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UKOT ----------------- United Kingd
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Overview Of Climate Change Issues I
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The field study sites include notab
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coastal infrastructure and settleme
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Perceptions of vulnerability in the
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Energy and Tourism Tourism is an in
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Reviewing and considering the feasi
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4. Local watershed management: supp
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Given the importance of tourism to
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Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity
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terrestrial habitats for the purpos
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1. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT The
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damages from intense climatic condi
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2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 2.1. Geog
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.2.1: Gross Domestic Product
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.2.1 shows a decline in per
Page 49 and 50: oom for expansion of the fin fisher
Page 51 and 52: The CPA points out that the all-inc
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1.1: Earliest and latest ye
Page 55 and 56: GCM projections of future rainfall
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3.4: GCM and RCM projected
Page 59 and 60: Relative humidity data has not been
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6.1: Observed and GCM proje
Page 63 and 64: Annual Table 3.8.1: Observed and GC
Page 65 and 66: Annual DJF MAM JJA SON Annual DJF M
Page 67 and 68: frequency in the last 1,500 years b
Page 69 and 70: thermal expansion, with only a cons
Page 71 and 72: particularly affected by higher wat
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.1.2: Availability of water
Page 75 and 76: 3). Factors which increase the vuln
Page 77 and 78: 4.2. Energy Supply and Distribution
Page 79 and 80: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.2.3: Assessment of CO2 emis
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.2.3: Evolution of electric
Page 85 and 86: - Reduce electricity costs and pric
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4.2.5: Crude oil prices 1869
Page 89 and 90: Climate policy Figure 4.2.6: Fuel c
Page 91 and 92: taxes can also be a highly transpar
Page 93 and 94: number of potential impacts of clim
Page 95: 4.3. Agriculture and Food Security
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.4.1: Selected statistics re
Page 101 and 102: 2000). Thus, despite the fact that
Page 103 and 104: Table 4.4.3: Reported cases of gast
Page 105 and 106: 4.5. Marine and Terrestrial Biodive
Page 107 and 108: Table 4.5.1: Turks and Caicos Islan
Page 109 and 110: Status of wetlands Over half of the
Page 111 and 112: and enforcing adequate coastal setb
Page 113 and 114: Turtle fishery At least two species
Page 115 and 116: Vulnerability of coral reefs to cli
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.5.4: Unusual amount of Sar
Page 119 and 120: Figure 4.6.1: Grand Turk, The Turks
Page 121 and 122: Table 4.6.1: Impacts associated wit
Page 123 and 124: to identify individual properties,
Page 125 and 126: Figure 4.6.6: Total beach and land
Page 127 and 128: the tourism sector as well, since t
Page 129 and 130: Hurricane Irene (2011) Figure 4.7.2
Page 131 and 132: 4.7.3. Vulnerability of the tourism
Page 133 and 134: greater burden of care as poorer ho
Page 135 and 136: CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS DIRECT INDIR
Page 137 and 138: Partnership based on the establishe
Page 139 and 140: each gender group is of the opinion
Page 141 and 142: entity. One of the key resources ne
Page 143 and 144: 5. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY PROFILE FOR TH
Page 145 and 146: The institutional and regulatory fr
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5.1.3. Technology Hydrological and
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equested a rate review to rebalance
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Table 5.2.1: Average weighted emiss
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agree that switching off air condit
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Note: Savings costs of energy effic
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Vast options exist to reduce energy
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5.4. Human Health 5.4.1. Policy The
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Table 5.4.1: Summary effects on the
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weaker social infrastructure. Conti
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end the Turks and Caicos Islands ar
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5.5.3. Technology A high degree of
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Table 5.6.1: Summary of adaptation
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5.6.2. Technology - Soft Engineerin
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5.7. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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Table 5.7.1: Enhanced Comprehensive
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Related work in needs and vulnerabi
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Early Warning Systems (EWS) An EWS
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50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
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distributions based on the gender o
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significant differences in househol
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Table 5.8.13: Source of food supply
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45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0%
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Social Protection Provision Table 5
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Table 5.8.24: Sample distribution b
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Subsistence Agricultural land (16%)
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Resource Importance River / Stream
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In the event of a hurricane, 90.3%
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Event Hurricane Flooding Storm Surg
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Table 5.8.37: Household Adaptation
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Assessments focussing on the links
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Provide gender disaggregated data a
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Short Term Actions Reassess water p
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Long Term Actions Pursue the concep
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Area Management Foundation (C-CAM)
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6.8. Comprehensive Natural Disaster
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The Fire Service is government-run,
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7. CONCLUSION 7.1. Climate Modellin
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7.3. Energy Supply and Distribution
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7.7. Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
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REFERENCES Alcamo, J., Moreno, J. M
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CAREC. (2008a). Caribbean Epidemiol
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Contreras-Lisperguer, R., & de Cuba
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http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUA
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Government of the Turks and Caicos
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Hu, A., Meehl, G., Han, W., & Yin,
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Lime Turks & Caicos Islands. (2011)
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OECD (2010). Taxation, Innovation a
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Stern, N. (2006). The Economics of
Page 243 and 244:
Wetherell, G. (2010). Third Quarter
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