(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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TABLE 2 UK COMPANIES INVOLVED IN PRODUCING BIOFUELS IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE GUARDIAN 541 UK Company Land concession (hectares) TABLE 3 ORIGIN OF SOME COMPANIES INVESTING IN BIOFUELS IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE GUARDIAN 542 Country of origin Number of companies Countries with land concessions UK 11 Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia. Italy 7 Congo Brazzaville, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Senegal. Germany 6 Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. France 6 Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea, Mali, Mozambique Senegal, Togo USA 4 Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda Canada 4 DR Congo Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Zambia Scandinavian countries Belgium Switzerland 4 Ghana, Tanzania 3 Cameroon, Ethiopia, Tanzania 3 Malawi, Kenya, Sierra Leone Netherlands 2 Tanzania Cyprus 1 Ghana, Ivory Coast Countries with land concessions Crest Global Green Energy 900,000 Guinea, Mali, Senegal Gem Biofuels 452,500 Madagascar Equatorial Biofuels plc 80,000 Liberia Kavango Bioenergy Ltd 70,000 Namibia Jatropha africa 50,000 Ghana Cams Group 20,000 Tanzania Principle energy 20,000 Mozambique Sun Biofuels 13,000 Mozambique, Tanzania D1 Oils 5000 Malawi, Zambia Sustainable Agroenergy n.a. Senegal Further evidence can be found in the following table produced by the Africa Europe Faith and Justice Network, which has collected information about investments of EU companies in agrofuels in African countries. 116
Source: Africa Europe Faith and Justice Network, “Impacts of some EU companies involved in large piece of land acquisition for biofuels investment in African countries” (March 2011), available at http://www.aefjn.org/index.php/resources/articles/impacts-of-some-eu-companies-involved-in-large-piece-of-land-acquisition-for-biofuels-investment-in-african-countries.html?file=tl_files/aefjnfiles/Food%20sovereignty/Biofuels/00%20110301%20Table%20of%20impacts%20of%20EU%20agrofuels%20companies%20in%20Africa%20by%20AEFJN.pdf (Alphabetically classified by Target country) Some data are based on the IFPRI study supported by CGIAR: "Land Grabbing" by Foreign Investors in Developing Countries: Risks and Opportunities" by Joachim von Braun and Ruth Meinzen- Dick, April 2009, collection IFPRI Policy Brief 13 http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/bp013Table01.pdf Investor country Investor Target country FRANCE Total, Suez BURKINA FASO Comoé, Kompienga, Mouhoun FRANCE ~ BELGIUM LUXEMBO URG Socapalm partner of Groupe Bolloré France & Fabri Nature of deal Status of deal Date announced /signed 20 500 Ha Jatropha Pilot project of electricity CAMEROUN 104 527 ha Oil Palm exploited + 18 265 ha of private planters subcontractors Privatisation of state company Socapalm Consequences for people 2009 Jatropha is an invasive and poisonous plant. No different crop allowed during 10 years after jatropha culture Productivity of Jatropha requires huge amounts of water, a resource that is already in short supply in this region. 2000 Eviction without compensation Bad working conditions Violence when contestation No respect of social and environmental commitments 117
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(BIO)FUELING INJUSTICE? Europe’s
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Executive summary Adding value to t
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The EU has various strategic intere
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or animal feed is turned over to gr
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Methodology: combining authoritativ
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Detailed recommendations To the EU
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d. Support sustainable small-scale
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plans, so that biofuels mandates an
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5.2. Linking Europe biofuel policie
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List of boxes, figures and tables T
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RAI Principles for responsible agri
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ange of recent sources, including f
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2. The evolution since 2010: the ri
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2.2. A growing opposition Faced wit
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Commonwealth Development Corporatio
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Mozambique 10% ethanol and 5% biodi
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- standards for distribution of bio
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To summarise, the EU and its Member
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4. Case studies Three case studies
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squirrels which damaged between 60%
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not, or not adequately, consulted,
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The Markala Sugar Project will also
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Peasants’ Conference against Land
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unit is “currently providing majo
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5. How European biofuel policies dr
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iofuels between 2003 and 2006 (6.6
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iofuels production should thus alwa
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ecological and social impacts in pr
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occur in these regions.” 232 Howe
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5.2.4. Making land a bankable inves
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6. The social, human rights and env
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While agrofuel related crops are gr
Page 65 and 66: should be remarked however that the
Page 67 and 68: project”. In particular, the repo
Page 69 and 70: it has nevertheless been shown abov
Page 71 and 72: deductions to the company.” 348 G
Page 73 and 74: mechanisms in African countries to
Page 75 and 76: specialised in EU affairs suggests
Page 77 and 78: climate change in June or July 2012
Page 79 and 80: sometimes partial. 418 The findings
Page 81 and 82: Another argument of the EU for its
Page 83 and 84: 8. The EU and EU Member States’ v
Page 85 and 86: However, whereas the Commission spe
Page 87 and 88: esources towards this goal. 479 Yet
Page 89 and 90: conclude with absolute certitude wh
Page 91 and 92: When potential negative impacts are
Page 93 and 94: Access to remedies ETO Principle 37
Page 95 and 96: 9.2. The way forward: EU and its Me
Page 97 and 98: Sources ActionAid and Friends of th
Page 99 and 100: European Commission and Joint Resea
Page 101 and 102: environmental data for the biofuels
Page 103 and 104: Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) o
Page 105 and 106: United Nations Special Rapporteur o
Page 107 and 108: AFRICAN NATIONAL OIL CORPORATI ON S
Page 109 and 110: ITAL SENEGAL SARL BBE SA (BERTOLA B
Page 111 and 112: LONHRO Agriculture (Subsidiary of L
Page 113 and 114: Annex III. Jatropha related project
Page 115: services delivery project of the Di
Page 119 and 120: GERMANY Flora EcoPower ETHIOPIA Oro
Page 121 and 122: Investor country SWEDEN Sekab UNITE
Page 123 and 124: SWEDISH SEKAB Bioenergy Tanzania Lt
Page 125 and 126: KINGDOM BELGIUM Felisa Investor cou
Page 127 and 128: Finally, a number of cases studies
Page 129 and 130: political, economic and social back
Page 131 and 132: Endnotes 1 A. Graham, S. Aubry, R.
Page 133 and 134: 31 For an overview of the intrsumen
Page 135 and 136: 68 The Commission is preparing a "E
Page 137 and 138: 100 Merian Research and CRBM, “Th
Page 139 and 140: 149 FIAN Germany, “Land Grabbing
Page 141 and 142: 193 C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer,
Page 143 and 144: 230 J. W. van Gelder with L. German
Page 145 and 146: 264 P. B. Matondi and P. Mutopo,
Page 147 and 148: 298 L. Cotula, “Land deals in Afr
Page 149 and 150: 342 Bread for All, “Concerns of B
Page 151 and 152: 375 K. Havnenik, “Grabbing of Afr
Page 153 and 154: 419 E.g. “While inheritance laws
Page 155 and 156: 456 European Commission, “Increas
Page 157 and 158: international organisations” in J
Page 159 and 160: 521 United Nations Special Rapporte
Page 161: http://www.fian.org/resources/docum
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(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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